What is Coloboma?
Coloboma is a congenital eye condition characterized by missing tissue from the eye's structures. This defect occurs when the embryonic fissure fails to close completely during development, resulting in gaps or notches in various parts of the...
Introduction to Coats Disease
Coats Disease is a rare, non-hereditary eye disorder characterized by abnormal blood vessel development and leakage in the retina, resulting in retinal detachment and vision loss. This condition, which primarily affects young males, can cause unilateral...
Introduction
Chronic Progressive External Ophthalmoplegia (CPEO) is a rare mitochondrial disorder marked by gradual weakness of the muscles that control eye movements. This condition usually manifests in adulthood, but symptoms can appear in childhood or adolescence. CPEO causes progressive difficulty...
Introduction to Chronic Lacrimal Canaliculitis
Chronic Lacrimal Canaliculitis is a persistent infection of the lacrimal canaliculi, which are small channels in the eyelids that drain tears from the eye into the lacrimal sac. Bacterial, fungal, or viral pathogens are commonly...
Introduction
Chronic Angle-Closure Glaucoma (CACG) is a progressive eye condition marked by the gradual closure of the anterior chamber angle, resulting in an increase in intraocular pressure (IOP). If not treated properly, this elevated pressure can damage the optic nerve,...
What is Choroideremia?
Choroideremia is a rare, inherited retinal degenerative disease that mostly affects men. It is distinguished by progressive vision loss that begins in childhood and eventually leads to complete blindness. Mutations in the CHM gene, which encodes the...
What is Choroidal Osteoma?
Choroidal osteoma is a rare, benign ossifying tumor of the eye that causes mature bone to form within the choroid, the eye's vascular layer located between the retina and the sclera. Choroidal osteoma, which was first...
What is Choroidal Nevus?
A choroidal nevus is a benign pigmented growth in the choroid, the vascular layer of the eye that lies between the retina and the sclera. A choroidal nevus, similar to a freckle or mole on the...
Introduction to Choroidal Neovascularization.
Choroidal neovascularization (CNV) is a serious ocular condition characterized by the abnormal growth of new blood vessels from the choroid, the eye's vascular layer, into the surrounding retina. If not treated, this abnormal vascular proliferation can...
What is Choroidal Metastasis?
Choroidal metastasis is the spread of cancer cells to the choroid, the vascular layer of the eye located between the retina and the sclera. This condition is relatively uncommon, but it is the most common type...
Introduction to Choroidal Hemangioma
Choroidal hemangioma is a benign vascular tumor that develops in the choroid, which is a layer of blood vessels between the retina and the sclera. This condition can be congenital or acquired, and it frequently appears...
Introduction to Chorioretinitis.
Chorioretinitis is an inflammatory disease that affects the choroid and retina of the eye. The choroid is a layer of blood vessels and connective tissue located between the sclera (white of the eye) and the retina. Its...
What is Chorioretinitis Sclopetaria?
Chorioretinitis sclopetaria, also known as sclopetaria, is a traumatic ocular condition caused by high-velocity projectile injuries to the eye or orbit. This uncommon condition is distinguished by severe damage to the choroid and retina, resulting in...
What is Chlamydial Conjunctivitis?
Chlamydial conjunctivitis, or inclusion conjunctivitis, is an eye infection caused by the bacterium Chlamydia trachomatis. This condition can affect people of any age, but it is especially common in neonates and sexually active adults. Chlamydial conjunctivitis...
Introduction to Chikungunya Fever
Chikungunya fever is a viral disease transmitted by mosquitos and caused by the Chikungunya virus. It is primarily transmitted by Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus mosquitos. While the disease is most commonly associated with severe joint...
Introduction to Charles Bonnet Syndrome
Charles Bonnet Syndrome (CBS) is a condition in which visually impaired people have vivid, complex visual hallucinations despite not having any cognitive or psychiatric disorders. Charles Bonnet first described this syndrome in 1760, and it...
Introduction to CHARGE Syndrome
CHARGE syndrome is a multifaceted genetic disorder that stands for coloboma, heart defects, atresia choanae, growth retardation, genital abnormalities, and ear abnormalities. Among its many symptoms, ocular manifestations are prominent and must be addressed because they...
Introduction to Chalcosis
Chalcosis is a rare ocular condition caused by the deposit of copper or copper-containing foreign bodies in the eye. This condition typically develops after an ocular injury, in which copper or a copper alloy becomes embedded in...
What is Chalazion?
A chalazion is a common and usually harmless condition affecting the eyelids. It appears as a small, painless lump or swelling that gradually develops on the upper or lower eyelid. This condition develops when a meibomian gland,...
Introduction to Central Serous Retinopathy
Central Serous Retinopathy (CSR) is a retinal condition characterized by the accumulation of fluid beneath the retina, particularly beneath the macula, which is responsible for central vision. This fluid buildup causes a localized retinal detachment,...
Introduction to Central Retinal Vein Occlusion
Central Retinal Vein Occlusion (CRVO) is a serious ocular condition caused by a blockage of the central retinal vein, which drains blood from the retina. This obstruction causes increased pressure within the retinal veins,...
Introduction to Cataract
Cataracts are a common ocular condition characterized by the clouding of the eye's natural lens, resulting in blurred vision. This condition is most commonly associated with aging, but it can also be caused by trauma, certain medical...
What is Capsular Opacification?
Capsular opacification, also called posterior capsular opacification (PCO) or secondary cataract, is a common postoperative complication of cataract surgery. Despite the high success rate of cataract surgery, which involves replacing the natural lens of the eye...
Introduction
Capillary hemangioma of the orbit, also known as orbital hemangioma, is a benign vascular tumor that commonly affects infants and young children. These tumors are distinguished by an abnormal proliferation of blood vessels within the orbit, the bony cavity...
What is Canaliculitis?
Canaliculitis is a rare but serious infection of the canaliculi, which are small channels in the eyelids that drain tears from the eye's surface to the lacrimal sac. This condition is frequently caused by bacterial, fungal, or...
Introduction to Bullous Keratopathy
Bullous Keratopathy is an ocular condition marked by the development of fluid-filled blisters (bullae) on the cornea, the clear, dome-shaped surface that covers the front of the eye. This condition is typically caused by endothelial dysfunction,...
Introduction to Brown's Syndrome
Brown's Syndrome, also known as superior oblique tendon sheath syndrome, is a rare ocular motility disorder marked by abnormal restriction of the superior oblique muscle. This condition causes limited upward movement of the eye, especially during...
What is Branch Retinal Vein Occlusion?
Branch retinal vein occlusion (BRVO) is a common vascular disorder of the retina caused by the blockage of one of the retina's small veins. This blockage disrupts blood flow, resulting in swelling, bleeding, and...
What is Branch Retinal Artery Occlusion?
Branch retinal artery occlusion (BRAO) occurs when one of the smaller branches of the central retinal artery becomes blocked, resulting in a sudden loss of vision in the area supplied by the affected artery....
Introduction to Blue Sclera
Blue sclera is a condition in which the sclera, or white outer layer of the eyeball, appears bluish. This unusual color is frequently indicative of underlying systemic or genetic conditions that affect the connective tissues, most...
