Orthostatic Proteinuria Test: Standing Protein Levels, Benign Proteinuria, and Diagnosis
Orthostatic proteinuria is a pattern in which urine protein rises while a person is upright during the day but returns to normal after lying...
Proteinuria Test: Causes, Kidney Disease, Normal Range, and When to Worry
A proteinuria test checks whether an abnormal amount of protein is passing into urine. Healthy kidneys keep most blood proteins in the circulation, so...
Retinol-Binding Protein Urine Test: Kidney Tubule Injury and Low-Molecular-Weight Proteinuria
A urinary retinol-binding protein test measures retinol-binding protein 4 (RBP4), a small protein that is normally filtered by the kidneys and then almost completely...
Spot Urine Albumin Test: High Albumin, Kidney Damage, and Early CKD
A spot urine albumin test checks how much albumin is present in a single urine sample. Albumin is a major blood protein that healthy...
Spot Urine Protein Test: High Protein, Proteinuria Screening, and Kidney Disease
A spot urine protein test measures protein in a single urine sample and is commonly used to screen for or monitor proteinuria. The most...
Tubular Proteinuria Test: Low-Molecular-Weight Proteins and Kidney Tubule Damage
Tubular proteinuria occurs when the kidney’s proximal tubules fail to reabsorb small proteins that normally pass through the glomerular filter and are almost completely...
Urine Albumin Test: Albuminuria, Kidney Disease, Normal Range, and Meaning
A urine albumin test measures albumin leaking from the blood into urine. Albumin is a large blood protein that healthy kidney filters largely retain,...
Urine Albumin-Creatinine Ratio (uACR) Test: Kidney Damage, Normal Range, and Albuminuria
A urine albumin-creatinine ratio (uACR) test is one of the most useful ways to look for early kidney damage, especially in people with diabetes,...
Urine Free Light Chain Test: Kappa, Lambda, Ratio, Kidney Disease, and Myeloma
A urine free light chain test measures free kappa and free lambda immunoglobulin light chains that have passed into urine. These proteins are made...
Urine Immunofixation Test: Monoclonal Protein, Light Chains, and Plasma Cell Disorders
A urine immunofixation test is a sensitive laboratory method used to determine whether urine contains a monoclonal immunoglobulin protein, especially free kappa or lambda...
Urine Microalbumin Test: High Levels, Kidney Damage, Diabetes, and Meaning
A urine microalbumin test looks for small increases in albumin leaking into the urine, often before standard urine protein dipsticks become strongly positive. Despite...
Urine Protein Electrophoresis (UPEP) Test: Protein Types, M Protein, and Myeloma Screening
Urine protein electrophoresis (UPEP) separates proteins in a urine sample according to their electrical properties, creating a pattern that can reveal whether an abnormal...
Urine Protein Test: High Protein, Proteinuria, Kidney Disease, and Causes
A urine protein test checks whether more protein than expected is passing into the urine. Proteinuria can be a temporary finding after exercise, fever,...
Urine Protein-Creatinine Ratio (UPCR) Test: Proteinuria, Kidney Disease, and Result Meaning
A urine protein-creatinine ratio (UPCR) estimates how much total protein is being lost in the urine while correcting for how concentrated the urine sample...
Urine Total Protein Test: High Levels, Kidney Disease, Proteinuria, and Meaning
A urine total protein test measures the combined amount of protein present in urine rather than albumin alone. It can help detect and quantify...
Abnormal Urinalysis Results: Protein, Blood, Glucose, Ketones, Leukocytes, and Meaning
An abnormal urinalysis result is a clue, not a diagnosis. A dipstick can detect protein, blood, glucose, ketones, leukocyte esterase, nitrites, bilirubin, and changes...