Potassium Blood Test in Kidney Disease: High Levels, Low Levels, Heart Risk, and Meaning
A potassium blood test measures the amount of potassium circulating in the blood. In kidney disease, it is one of the most important safety...
Renal Function Panel Test: Kidney Markers, Electrolytes, Minerals, and Result Meaning
A renal function panel is a group of blood tests used to assess kidney filtration and the body systems the kidneys help regulate. Although...
Symmetric Dimethylarginine (SDMA) Test: Kidney Function, High Levels, and Early Kidney Disease
Symmetric dimethylarginine (SDMA) is a small molecule released when the body breaks down proteins that contain methylated arginine. Much of circulating SDMA is cleared...
Urea Blood Test: Normal Range, High and Low Levels, and Kidney Function
A urea blood test measures a nitrogen-containing waste product made when the liver processes amino acids from protein. Urea travels in the bloodstream to...
Uric Acid Blood Test: High, Low, Gout, Kidney Stones, and Kidney Risk
A uric acid blood test measures serum urate, the form in which most uric acid circulates at normal blood pH. Uric acid is the...
24-Hour Urine 5-HIAA Test: Carcinoid Syndrome, Serotonin Metabolism, and High Levels
A 24-hour urine 5-HIAA test measures how much 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid is excreted in urine over a full day. 5-HIAA is the main breakdown product...
24-Hour Urine Albumin Test: Albuminuria, Kidney Damage, and CKD Evaluation
A 24-hour urine albumin test measures the total amount of albumin lost in urine over one complete day. Albumin is a major blood protein...
24-Hour Urine Amino Acids Test: Metabolic Disorders and Amino Acid Excretion
A 24-hour urine amino acids test measures how much of many individual amino acids are excreted over a full day. Amino acids are the...
24-Hour Urine Calcium Test: Kidney Stones, High Calcium, and Parathyroid Causes
A 24-hour urine calcium test measures the total amount of calcium excreted in urine during one complete day. It is commonly used in people...
24-Hour Urine Catecholamines Test: Adrenal Tumor Screening, Epinephrine, Norepinephrine, and Dopamine
A 24-hour urine catecholamines test measures the daily excretion of epinephrine, norepinephrine, dopamine, and sometimes related compounds. These chemicals act as hormones and neurotransmitters...
24-Hour Urine Chloride Test: Electrolyte Balance, Salt Intake, and Acid-Base Clues
A 24-hour urine chloride test measures the total amount of chloride excreted in urine over one full day. Chloride is a major electrolyte that...
24-Hour Urine Citrate Test: Low Citrate, Kidney Stone Risk, and Urine Chemistry
A 24-hour urine citrate test measures how much citrate is excreted over a full day, usually as part of a metabolic evaluation for kidney...
24-Hour Urine Collection Errors: Low Creatinine, Missed Samples, Overcollection, and Meaning
A 24-hour urine test can produce a precise-looking number even when the collection itself was incomplete. The most common errors are missed urine, wrong...
24-Hour Urine Collection Test: What It Measures, How to Collect, and Meaning
A 24-hour urine collection test measures the total amount of one or more substances excreted in urine during a complete day. Unlike a spot...
24-Hour Urine Copper Test: Wilson Disease, Copper Overload, and Liver Disease Evaluation
A 24-hour urine copper test measures the total amount of copper excreted in urine during one complete day. It is most often used when...
24-Hour Urine Cortisol Test: Adrenal Function, Cushing Syndrome Screening, and High Levels
A 24-hour urine cortisol test measures the amount of free cortisol excreted in urine over a full day. It is mainly used to look...