Evidence-Based Supplement & Herb Guides

VO₂max for Longevity: Interval Playbook

Build VO₂max for longevity with safe interval workouts, weekly programming, 12-week progressions, tracking tips, and common mistakes to avoid after midlife.

VO₂max is one of the clearest fitness signals for long-term health because it reflects how well the heart, lungs, blood vessels, and muscles work...

Warm-Ups for Longevity Training: Joint Prep and Activation

Build safer, more effective warm-ups for longevity training with joint prep, activation drills, session-specific examples, and smart adjustments for age, stiffness, pain, strength work, cardio, balance, and power.

A good warm-up makes the first working set, hill repeat, brisk walk, or balance drill feel smoother and safer. It raises temperature, increases blood...

Zone 2 Training for Healthy Aging: How Much and How to Do It

Zone 2 training supports healthy aging by building aerobic fitness with manageable fatigue. Learn how much to do, how to find the right intensity, and how to combine it with strength, intervals, and daily movement.

Zone 2 training is steady aerobic exercise done hard enough to raise breathing and heart rate, but easy enough to sustain for a long...

Acarbose and Longevity: Lessons from Animal Data and Human Signals

Acarbose shows strong lifespan signals in mice and modest human metabolic benefits, especially for post-meal glucose and diabetes prevention, but human longevity benefits remain unproven.

Acarbose is an old diabetes medicine with a surprisingly modern place in longevity research. It works in the intestine, not by pushing the pancreas...

Autophagy-Targeted Drugs for Longevity: mTORC1-Selective and ULK1 Pathways

Explore autophagy-targeted longevity drugs, including rapamycin, mTORC1-selective inhibitors, and ULK1 pathways, with evidence, risks, and human research gaps.

Autophagy is the cell’s recycling and quality-control system. It helps clear damaged proteins, worn-out mitochondria, and other cellular clutter, then recycles useful parts back...

Combination Longevity Trials: Stacking Mechanisms and Smarter Study Design

Combination longevity trials test whether stacked mechanisms can improve healthspan, but strong study design, safety monitoring, and meaningful endpoints matter more than cocktail complexity.

Aging biology does not move through one pathway at a time. Metabolism, inflammation, mitochondrial quality, cellular senescence, immune function, proteostasis, vascular aging, and tissue...

Crosslink Breakers for Vascular Aging: What Comes After Alagebrium

Crosslink breakers aim to reverse AGE-related vascular stiffening, but alagebrium fell short. Learn why glucosepane is the next target and what evidence is still needed.

Arteries stiffen with age partly because long-lived proteins in the vessel wall become chemically “tied together.” These ties are called crosslinks. Some crosslinks are...

Epigenetic Rejuvenation Compounds: Small-Molecule Reprogrammers

Explore small-molecule epigenetic rejuvenation compounds, how chemical reprogramming works, what early studies show, and why safety remains the central barrier.

Epigenetic rejuvenation compounds aim to reset part of the cell’s aging program without turning the cell back into an embryonic stem cell. The idea...

Exosomes and Extracellular Vesicles in Aging: Promise and Pitfalls

Exosomes and extracellular vesicles show real promise in aging research, but human evidence remains early. Learn what they are, where claims are strongest, and how to spot unsafe or exaggerated therapies.

Exosomes have become one of the loudest buzzwords in anti-aging medicine, skin rejuvenation, orthopedics, and regenerative clinics. The science behind them is real: cells...

GLP-1s and Longevity: Weight, Cardiometabolic Risk, and Open Questions

GLP-1s may support longevity by reducing obesity-related cardiometabolic risk, but open questions remain around long-term use, muscle preservation, safety, and who benefits most.

GLP-1 medicines have changed the conversation about obesity, diabetes, heart risk, and healthy aging because they affect several problems that shorten healthspan at the...

Hormone-Based Rejuvenation: Klotho, FGF21, and GDF11 Candidates

Explore Klotho, FGF21, and GDF11 as hormone-based rejuvenation candidates, including mechanisms, evidence, risks, trial signals, and healthspan context.

Hormone-based rejuvenation looks at signals the body already uses to coordinate repair, metabolism, inflammation, tissue maintenance, and brain function. Klotho, FGF21, and GDF11 stand...

Metformin for Healthy Aging: What the Trials Show and Do Not

Metformin has real metabolic benefits but remains unproven as a healthy-aging drug. Learn what trials show, where evidence is weak, and who needs caution.

Metformin sits in an unusual place in longevity science. It is an old, inexpensive diabetes drug with decades of clinical use, strong effects on...

Microbiome Therapeutics for Healthy Aging: Consortia, FMT, and Postbiotics

Microbiome therapeutics for healthy aging show promise, but evidence is strongest for recurrent C. difficile. Learn how FMT, defined consortia, live biotherapeutics, and postbiotics compare for safety, mechanisms, and longevity potential.

The gut microbiome changes with age, but it does not age in one simple direction. Some people reach very old age with diverse, resilient...

Mitochondrial Therapies for Longevity: Elamipretide and mtDNA Editing

Learn how elamipretide and mtDNA editing target mitochondrial dysfunction, what human evidence shows, and why these therapies are promising but not proven for longevity.

Mitochondria sit close to the center of longevity science because they help turn food and oxygen into usable energy, shape inflammation signals, influence cell...

Neuroprotective Emerging Therapies: From Senolytics to ISR Modulators

Explore emerging neuroprotective therapies for brain aging, including senolytics, senomorphics, ISR modulators, mitochondrial targets, biomarkers, risks, and realistic timelines.

Brain aging is no longer viewed as one slow, inevitable slide. Researchers now study it as a set of biological stress patterns that include...

Partial Cellular Reprogramming for Longevity: OSK and Safety Considerations

Learn how partial cellular reprogramming uses OSK factors, what early longevity research shows, and why safety, cancer risk, delivery control, and human trials matter.

Partial cellular reprogramming is one of the most ambitious ideas in longevity science: push older cells toward a younger molecular state without turning them...

Plasma-Based Therapies: Therapeutic Exchange and Young Factors

Plasma-based longevity therapies are promising but experimental. Learn how therapeutic plasma exchange, plasma dilution, and young factors work, what human studies show, and why safety matters.

Plasma-based longevity therapies sit at the edge of medicine, aging biology, and commercial hype. Blood plasma carries thousands of proteins, antibodies, clotting factors, hormones,...

Rapamycin and Rapalogs for Longevity: Evidence, Dosing Models, and Risks

Rapamycin and paralogs target mTOR, a major aging pathway. Learn what animal and human studies show, how dosing models differ, and which risks need monitoring.

Rapamycin has become one of the most discussed drugs in longevity science because it acts on mTOR, a growth-and-repair pathway tied to nutrient sensing,...

Senescence-Targeted Immunotherapy: Vaccines and CAR-T Approaches

Senescence-targeted immunotherapy uses vaccines and CAR-T cells to clear harmful senescent cells. Learn what animal studies show, why targets like GPNMB and uPAR matter, and what safety questions remain.

Senescence-targeted immunotherapy uses the immune system to find and remove senescent cells, a class of stressed cells linked to aging, chronic inflammation, fibrosis, metabolic...

Senolytics for Healthy Aging: Dasatinib plus Quercetin and Next-Gen Agents

Senolytics target senescent cells linked to aging, inflammation, and chronic disease. Learn what dasatinib plus quercetin studies show, where fisetin and next-gen agents fit, and why safety evidence still matters.

Senolytics are drugs or compounds designed to remove senescent cells: damaged cells that have stopped dividing but still release inflammatory signals. These cells help...