Evidence-Based Supplement & Herb Guides

Lack of Empathy Disorder Symptoms, Signs, and Possible Causes

Understand what people often mean by “lack of empathy disorder,” why it is not a formal diagnosis, and how low empathy may relate to personality patterns, autism, trauma, neurological change, and safety concerns.

“Lack of empathy disorder” is a phrase people often use when someone seems cold, uncaring, manipulative, emotionally unavailable, or unable to understand how their...

Korsakoff Syndrome Explained: Symptoms, Diagnosis, and Complications

A clear guide to Korsakoff syndrome, including its memory symptoms, relationship to Wernicke encephalopathy, causes, risk factors, diagnostic context, and complications.

Korsakoff syndrome is a serious memory disorder caused by brain injury from severe thiamine, or vitamin B1, deficiency. It is most often linked with...

Koro Syndrome Overview: Genital Retraction Fear, Signs, and Causes

Learn what Koro syndrome is, how its symptoms appear, what can cause Koro-like fears, which conditions it may resemble, and when professional evaluation may be important.

Koro syndrome is a rare psychiatric condition in which a person becomes intensely afraid that their genitals, breasts, or another body part are shrinking,...

Kluver-Bucy Syndrome Explained: Symptoms, Brain Causes, and Risks

Clear overview of Kluver-Bucy syndrome, including hallmark symptoms, temporal lobe causes, risk factors, similar conditions, diagnostic context, and warning signs that may need urgent evaluation.

Kluver-Bucy syndrome is a rare neurobehavioral condition caused by damage or dysfunction in parts of the temporal lobes, especially areas involved in memory, emotional...

Kleptomania Overview: How Symptoms, Urges, and Complications Develop

Clear overview of kleptomania, including symptoms, warning signs, possible causes, risk factors, complications, and how clinicians distinguish it from shoplifting, OCD, addiction-like behavior, mania, and psychosis.

Kleptomania is a mental health condition in which a person repeatedly feels unable to resist urges to steal items they do not need for...

Kleine-Levin Syndrome Symptoms, Signs, Causes, and Complications

Kleine-Levin syndrome causes recurring episodes of extreme sleepiness with cognitive, mood, perception, and behavior changes. Learn the key symptoms, risk factors, diagnostic context, complications, and urgent red flags.

Kleine-Levin syndrome is a rare sleep and neuropsychiatric condition in which a person has repeated episodes of extreme sleepiness, unusually long sleep, and changes...

Katagelasticism Signs, Risk Factors, and Social Effects

Katagelasticism is the enjoyment of laughing at others, especially through ridicule or humiliation. Learn how it differs from teasing, bullying, and schadenfreude, and why it can affect relationships, work, and mental health evaluation.

Katagelasticism describes a persistent tendency to enjoy laughing at, mocking, embarrassing, or ridiculing other people. It is most often discussed as a personality-related trait...

Juvenile schizophrenia symptoms, signs, causes, and complications

Juvenile schizophrenia is a rare early-onset psychotic disorder that can affect perception, thinking, emotion, school functioning, and development. Learn the key symptoms, warning signs, causes, risk factors, diagnostic context, and possible complications.

Juvenile schizophrenia is an uncommon but serious psychiatric condition in which schizophrenia symptoms begin during childhood or adolescence. The term is often used broadly,...

Juvenile psychosis in Children and Teens: Symptoms, Signs, and Diagnostic Context

Clear guide to juvenile psychosis symptoms, warning signs, possible causes, risk factors, related conditions, diagnostic context, and urgent safety concerns in children and teens.

Juvenile psychosis is a broad term for psychotic symptoms that appear during childhood or adolescence. It is not usually a single diagnosis by itself....

Juvenile Myoclonic Epilepsy (with psychiatric comorbidities): Symptoms, Signs, Causes, and Complications

Juvenile myoclonic epilepsy often begins with morning jerks, convulsive seizures, or absence episodes, and psychiatric comorbidities such as anxiety, depression, attention problems, and impulsivity can affect recognition, diagnosis, and daily impact.

Juvenile myoclonic epilepsy is a common generalized epilepsy syndrome that usually begins in adolescence or early adulthood. Its most recognizable feature is brief, shock-like...

Juvenile depression causes, Signs, risk factors, and possible complications

Learn how juvenile depression can appear in children and teens, including symptoms, observable signs, causes, risk factors, common diagnostic confusion, complications, and urgent safety concerns.

Depression in children and teenagers can be harder to recognize than depression in adults. A young person may not say “I feel depressed.” They...

Juvenile conduct disorder: Symptoms, Signs, Causes, and Risk Factors

Juvenile conduct disorder involves persistent aggression, deceit, serious rule violations, or harm to others. Learn the key symptoms, causes, risk factors, complications, and diagnostic context.

Juvenile conduct disorder is a serious pattern of behavior in a child or teenager that repeatedly violates the rights of others, age-appropriate social rules,...

Juvenile bipolar disorder: Symptoms, Signs, Causes, and Complications

Juvenile bipolar disorder can involve manic, depressive, or mixed mood episodes in children and teens. Learn the key symptoms, common lookalikes, risk factors, diagnostic context, and complications that may require urgent evaluation.

Juvenile bipolar disorder refers to bipolar disorder when symptoms begin in childhood or adolescence. It involves episodes of unusually high, energized, irritable, or expansive...

Juvenile anxiety disorder overview: Types, symptoms, risks, and effects

Juvenile anxiety disorder can involve separation fears, social avoidance, chronic worry, panic-like symptoms, physical complaints, and school or family disruption. Learn the main signs, risk factors, common diagnostic confusions, and when professional evaluation may matter.

Anxiety can be a normal part of childhood, but it becomes clinically important when fear, worry, avoidance, or physical tension is persistent, hard to...

Jouissance Disorder Symptoms, Signs, Causes, and Diagnostic Context

A clear overview of the nonstandard term jouissance disorder, including possible symptoms, related diagnoses, causes, risk factors, complications, and when evaluation may be important.

“Jouissance disorder” is not a formal diagnosis in major clinical manuals such as DSM-5-TR or ICD-11. The word “jouissance” comes from French and is...

Jealousy Disorder: Symptoms, Signs, Causes, and Complications

Learn what jealousy disorder can mean, including delusional and obsessional jealousy, common symptoms, causes, risk factors, complications, and when evaluation may be important.

Jealousy can be a normal human emotion, especially when a valued relationship feels threatened. It becomes clinically concerning when suspicion becomes fixed, intrusive, disproportionate,...

Jactitation Disorder in Children and Adults: Signs and Risk Factors

Clear overview of jactitation disorder, including rhythmic sleep movements, common signs, causes, risk factors, complications, diagnostic context, and warning signs that may need professional evaluation.

Jactitation disorder is an older term for repetitive, rhythmic movements that happen around sleep, most often in infants and young children. The modern clinical...

Isolation-induced psychosis: Symptoms, Signs, Causes, and Risk Factors

Learn what isolation-induced psychosis means, how symptoms can appear, what may contribute to it, and when hallucinations, paranoia, or sudden confusion may need professional evaluation.

Isolation-induced psychosis is a descriptive term for psychotic symptoms that appear, worsen, or become easier to sustain during periods of marked social isolation. It...

Isolation Syndrome Symptoms, Signs, Causes, and Complications

Isolation syndrome is a persistent pattern of social withdrawal that can affect mood, functioning, safety, and relationships. Learn the key symptoms, causes, risk factors, complications, and signs that professional evaluation may be needed.

Isolation syndrome is a practical term for a pattern of persistent social withdrawal, reduced contact with others, and shrinking participation in normal life roles....

Irritability Disorder: Symptoms, Signs, Causes, and Diagnostic Context

Irritability disorder can describe severe, persistent, or impairing anger and frustration patterns. Learn how symptoms, causes, risk factors, diagnostic context, and warning signs are evaluated.

Irritability can be more than being annoyed, impatient, or “in a bad mood.” In mental health, clinically significant irritability means a person is unusually...