ALK Test for Anaplastic Large Cell Lymphoma: Fusion Marker, Positive Result, and Tumor Classification
An ALK test helps determine whether an anaplastic large cell lymphoma (ALCL) belongs to the ALK-positive subtype, a biologically distinct form of systemic T-cell...
BCL2 Rearrangement Test: Follicular Lymphoma, Rearrangement Status, and FISH Result
A BCL2 rearrangement test looks for a structural change involving the BCL2 gene, most often the classic IGH::BCL2 fusion created by t(14;18)(q32;q21). This abnormality...
BCR-ABL1 Quantitative PCR Test: CML Monitoring, Molecular Response, and Transcript Level
The BCR-ABL1 quantitative PCR test is the main blood test used to monitor molecular response in chronic myeloid leukemia (CML). It measures the amount...
BCR-ABL1 Test: Chronic Myeloid Leukemia, Philadelphia Chromosome, and Molecular Diagnosis
A BCR-ABL1 test looks for the abnormal BCR::ABL1 fusion gene that defines chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) and can also occur in some acute leukemias....
Beta-2 Microglobulin Test for Myeloma: Staging, Prognosis, Tumor Burden, and Kidney Function
A beta-2 microglobulin test measures a small protein in blood that is used as part of staging and prognosis in multiple myeloma. In myeloma,...
BTK Mutation Test: CLL Drug Resistance Marker and Mutation Meaning
A BTK mutation test looks for acquired changes in the Bruton tyrosine kinase gene that can help explain resistance to BTK inhibitor treatment in...
CALR Mutation Test: Essential Thrombocythemia, Myelofibrosis, Platelets, and Mutation Meaning
A CALR mutation test looks for acquired mutations in the calreticulin gene that are strongly associated with certain myeloproliferative neoplasms, especially essential thrombocythemia (ET)...
CCND1/IGH Fusion Test: Mantle Cell Lymphoma, Cyclin D1, and FISH Result
A CCND1/IGH fusion test looks for the genetic rearrangement created by t(11;14)(q13;q32), the hallmark chromosome abnormality in most mantle cell lymphomas (MCL). The translocation...
CD19 Test: B-Cell Leukemia, Lymphoma, CAR-T Marker, and Positive Staining
A CD19 test checks whether cells express CD19, a surface protein found across most of the B-cell lineage. In hematologic cancer, CD19 is usually...
CD20 Test: B-Cell Lymphoma Marker, B-Cell Lineage, and Positive Staining
A CD20 test checks whether cells express CD20, a surface protein found on most mature B lymphocytes. In lymphoma diagnosis, CD20 is commonly assessed...
CD22 Test: B-Cell Leukemia, Lymphoma Marker, and Positive Staining
A CD22 test looks for CD22 protein on or within B cells and is used mainly to help classify B-cell leukemias and lymphomas. CD22...
CD30 Test: Hodgkin Lymphoma, T-Cell Lymphoma, Positive Staining, and Marker Meaning
A CD30 test looks for CD30 protein on abnormal lymphoid cells and is especially important in the diagnosis of classic Hodgkin lymphoma and anaplastic...
CD33 Test: AML Marker, Myeloid Blasts, and Positive Staining
A CD33 test checks whether blood or bone marrow cells express CD33, a protein associated mainly with myeloid development. It is commonly included in...
CD34 Test: Leukemia Blast Marker, Stem Cell Marker, and Positive Staining
A CD34 test identifies cells that express CD34, a protein found on many early blood-forming stem and progenitor cells and on vascular endothelial cells....
CD38 Test: Myeloma Marker, CLL Marker, and Positive Staining
A CD38 test measures expression of CD38, a surface protein found at very high levels on plasma cells and at variable levels on other...
CD138 Test: Plasma Cell Marker, Myeloma, and Bone Marrow Assessment
A CD138 test helps pathologists identify plasma cells in bone marrow or tissue, especially when multiple myeloma or another plasma cell disorder is being...
Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia (CLL) FISH Panel: del17p, del11q, Trisomy 12, and Prognosis
A CLL FISH panel looks for selected chromosome changes inside chronic lymphocytic leukemia cells. The most familiar targets include deletion 17p, deletion 11q, trisomy...
CLL IGHV Mutation Test: Prognosis, Mutation Status, and Treatment Risk
The CLL IGHV mutation test measures how much the immunoglobulin heavy-chain variable gene in chronic lymphocytic leukemia cells has changed from its inherited germline...
ClonoSEQ Test: MRD Monitoring in Leukemia, Lymphoma, Myeloma, and Result Meaning
The ClonoSEQ test is a next-generation sequencing test that can detect and measure very small numbers of blood cancer cells left after treatment, called...
CXCR4 Mutation Test: Waldenstrom Macroglobulinemia, Mutation Status, and Disease Meaning
A CXCR4 mutation test looks for acquired changes in the CXCR4 gene in Waldenström macroglobulinemia (WM) cells. About 30%–40% of people with WM have...