Liver Function Tests (LFTs) Panel: ALT, AST, ALP, GGT, Bilirubin, Albumin, and Results
Liver function tests are a group of blood tests that help show whether the liver is irritated, injured, blocked, or struggling to make important...
Low Alanine Aminotransferase (ALT) Test: Causes, Vitamin B6, Liver Health, and Meaning
Alanine aminotransferase, usually shortened to ALT, is best known as a liver enzyme that rises when liver cells are irritated or injured. A low...
Low Albumin Blood Test: Causes, Liver Disease, Kidney Loss, Malnutrition, and Meaning
Albumin is the main protein in the liquid part of your blood, and a low albumin blood test usually means the body is not...
Low Albumin/Globulin (A/G) Ratio Test: Causes, Liver Disease, Inflammation, and Meaning
A low albumin/globulin ratio, often written as a low A/G ratio, means the balance between two major groups of blood proteins is shifted. This...
Low Alkaline Phosphatase (ALP) Test: Causes, Zinc Deficiency, Malnutrition, and Meaning
Low alkaline phosphatase, often shortened to low ALP, means the alkaline phosphatase enzyme activity in your blood is below the reference range used by...
Low ALP and Zinc: Interpreting Low Alkaline Phosphatase Patterns
Alkaline phosphatase, often shortened to ALP, is usually discussed when it is high. A low ALP result can be easier to overlook, but it...
Low Amylase Blood Test: Causes, Pancreas Function, and Meaning
A low amylase blood test means the amount of amylase enzyme in your blood is below your lab’s reference range. Amylase helps digest starches,...
Low Aspartate Aminotransferase (AST) Test: Causes, Vitamin B6, Liver Health, and Meaning
Low aspartate aminotransferase, or low AST, is usually less concerning than high AST. AST is an enzyme found in the liver, muscles, heart, kidneys,...
Low Globulin Blood Test: Causes, Immune Deficiency, Protein Loss, and Meaning
A low globulin blood test means the globulin portion of your blood proteins is below the lab’s reference range. Globulins include many proteins, but...
Low Total Protein Blood Test: Causes, Malnutrition, Liver Disease, Kidney Loss, and Meaning
A low total protein blood test means the combined amount of albumin and globulin proteins in the blood is below the lab’s reference range....
Low Trypsinogen Blood Test: Causes, Pancreas Function, and Meaning
A low trypsinogen blood test can point toward reduced enzyme production by the pancreas, especially when it appears with symptoms of poor digestion or...
NASH FibroSure Test: Fatty Liver, NASH, Steatosis, Fibrosis Score, and Results
The NASH FibroSure test is a blood-based scoring panel used to estimate fatty liver severity, possible steatohepatitis, and liver fibrosis risk without immediately doing...
Pancreatic Amylase Test: High Pancreatic Amylase, Normal Range, Pancreatitis, and Pancreas Health
A pancreatic amylase test measures the amylase enzyme that comes mainly from the pancreas, rather than total amylase from both the pancreas and salivary...
Phosphatidylethanol (PEth) Blood Test: Alcohol Biomarker, PEth Levels, Detection Window, and Results
Phosphatidylethanol, usually called PEth, is a blood marker that shows recent alcohol exposure over days to weeks rather than the few hours captured by...
Procollagen III N-Terminal Peptide (PIIINP) Test: High PIIINP, Liver Fibrosis, Normal Range, and Results
Procollagen III N-terminal peptide, often shortened to PIIINP or P3NP, is a blood marker linked to type III collagen formation. Because type III collagen...
Serum Bile Acids Test: High Bile Acids, Normal Range, Cholestasis, Liver Function, and Results
A serum bile acids test measures the amount of bile acids circulating in the blood. Bile acids are made in the liver, stored in...
Tissue Inhibitor of Metalloproteinase-1 (TIMP-1) Test: Liver Fibrosis Marker, High Levels, and Results
Tissue inhibitor lod marker linked to tissue repair, inflammation, and scar formation. In liver testing, it is mainly discussed as a fibrosis marker because...
Total Bilirubin Blood Test: High Bilirubin, Normal Range, Jaundice, and Causes
A total bilirubin blood test measures the amount of bilirubin in your blood, including both direct and indirect forms. Bilirubin is a yellow pigment...
Total Protein Blood Test Normal Range: Reference Values and Meaning
A total protein blood test measures the combined amount of albumin and globulin proteins in the liquid part of your blood. It is often...
Trypsinogen Blood Test Normal Range: Reference Values and Meaning
Trypsinogen is an inactive enzyme precursor made by the pancreas. A trypsinogen blood test measures how much of this pancreatic protein is circulating in...