Nonsuicidal Self-Injury (NSSI) is a complex and distressing behavior in which people intentionally cause harm to their own bodies without intending to end their lives. NSSI typically includes acts such as cutting, burning, hitting, or scratching oneself, which often...
What Is Non-Rapid Eye Movement Sleep Arousal Disorder?
Non-Rapid Eye Movement (NREM) Sleep Arousal Disorders, also known as parasomnias, are a class of sleep disorders that occur during the deep stages of sleep, particularly NREM sleep. These disorders include sleepwalking,...
What is Nocturnal Enuresis (NE)?
Nocturnal enuresis, also known as bedwetting, is involuntary urination that occurs while sleeping after the age at which bladder control is normally established. While it is commonly associated with children, it can affect people of...
Nightmare Disorder, also known as parasomnia, is a sleep disorder defined by frequent and intense nightmares that disrupt sleep and impair daytime functioning. While nightmares are common, particularly in children, those with Nightmare Disorder have recurring, vivid, and frightening...
What is Night Eating Syndrome (NES)?
Night Eating Syndrome (NES) is a specific eating disorder defined by a pattern of late-night eating that is frequently accompanied by difficulty falling asleep or waking up in the middle of the night to...
What is neuroleptic malignant syndrome?
Neuroleptic Malignant Syndrome (NMS) is a rare but life-threatening condition caused primarily by the use of antipsychotic medications, also known as neuroleptics. These drugs, which are commonly used to treat psychiatric conditions such as schizophrenia,...
What are neurodevelopmental disorders?
Neurodevelopmental disorders (NDDs) are a collection of conditions that appear during the developmental period, usually before a child reaches school age. These disorders interfere with the development of the central nervous system, resulting in impaired cognitive,...
What are neurocognitive disorders?
Neurocognitive disorders (NCDs) are a collection of conditions that primarily affect cognitive function, such as memory, attention, reasoning, language, and problem-solving. These disorders can significantly impair a person's ability to function independently and maintain their quality...
What is narcolepsy?
Narcolepsy is a rare but chronic neurological disorder that severely impairs the brain's ability to regulate sleep and wake cycles. While people with narcolepsy can sleep soundly at night, they frequently suffer from excessive daytime sleepiness (EDS),...
Narcissistic Personality Disorder (NPD) is a complex mental health condition marked by an overinflated sense of self-importance, an insatiable desire for admiration, and a lack of empathy for others. Individuals with NPD frequently have an exaggerated perception of their...
What is myoclonus?
Myoclonus is a sudden, involuntary muscle jerk or twitch that can occur in any part of the body. These jerks can range from minor twitches to severe and uncontrollable spasms that impair daily functioning. Myoclonus is a...
What is Munchausen's Syndrome?
Munchausen Syndrome, also known as Factitious Disorder Imposed on Self (FDIS), is a psychiatric disorder in which a person intentionally fabricates, exaggerates, or induces physical or psychological symptoms of illness. Unlike malingering, which seeks external rewards...
What is Munchausen Syndrome By Proxy?
Munchausen Syndrome by Proxy (MSbP), also known as Factitious Disorder Imposed on Another (FDIA), is a complex and dangerous type of abuse in which a caregiver, usually a parent, intentionally fabricates, exaggerates, or induces...
What is Motor Stereotypies?
Motor stereotypies are repetitive, rhythmic movements that have no obvious purpose but are performed in the same pattern on a regular basis. These movements can range from simple actions like hand flapping or head banging to...
What is "Mood Disorder Not Otherwise Specified" (NOS)?
Mood Disorder Not Otherwise Specified (NOS) is a diagnostic term used to describe mood disorders that do not meet the strict criteria for specific mood disorders such as major depressive disorder, bipolar...
What constitutes a Mixed Episode?
A Mixed Episode, also known as a mixed affective episode or mixed features, is a mental health condition marked by symptoms of both mania or hypomania and depression. A mixed episode, as opposed to traditional...
What is mild neurocognitive disorder?
Mild Neurocognitive Disorder (mild NCD) is a clinical condition characterized by subtle but noticeable cognitive decline that exceeds what is expected with normal aging. Unlike Major Neurocognitive Disorder (dementia), which causes severe cognitive deficits that...
What is mild intellectual disability?
Mild intellectual disability (MID) is a developmental disorder marked by below-average intellectual functioning and limited adaptive behaviors. Individuals with MID typically have an IQ of 50 to 70, which is lower than the average range...
What is mild cognitive impairment (MCI)?
Mild cognitive impairment (MCI) is defined as cognitive decline that is more pronounced than typical age-related changes but not severe enough to significantly interfere with daily life or activities. Individuals with MCI have noticeable...
What is Menstrual Psychosis?
Menstrual psychosis is a rare psychiatric condition in which psychotic symptoms appear during a woman's menstrual cycle. Symptoms like hallucinations, delusions, disorganized thinking, mood swings, and behavioral changes are most common during the luteal phase (the...
What is Melancholic depression?
Melancholic depression is a subtype of major depressive disorder (MDD) distinguished by distinct and severe symptoms, including a profound loss of pleasure (anhedonia) in almost all activities, a lack of emotional reactivity to positive stimuli, and...
What is mania?
Mania is a mental health condition characterized by an abnormally high mood, increased energy, and increased activity levels, which can impair an individual's ability to function. It is a core symptom of Bipolar Disorder, especially Bipolar I...
Malingering is a condition in which a person knowingly fabricates, exaggerates, or feigns illness or injury for financial gain. Unlike factitious disorders or psychological conditions in which people unconsciously or compulsively exhibit symptoms, malingerers intentionally deceive others, usually for...
What is Male Hypoactive Sex Desire Disorder?
Male Hypoactive Sexual Desire Disorder (HSDD) is characterized by an ongoing lack of interest or desire for sexual activity. It extends beyond the temporary fluctuations in libido that many men experience as a...
What is major neurocognitive disorder?
Major Neurocognitive Disorder (NCD), also known as dementia, is a condition marked by a significant decline in cognitive functioning that impairs daily activities and independent living. The term "Major Neurocognitive Disorder" was first used in...
What is Major Depression Disorder?
Major Depressive Disorder (MDD), also known as depression, is a common and debilitating mental health condition defined by persistent feelings of sadness, hopelessness, and a loss of interest or pleasure in most activities. It influences...
What is lycanthropy?
Lycanthropy, derived from the Greek words lykos (wolf) and anthropos (human), is a rare psychiatric syndrome in which a person believes they can transform into a wolf or other animal. This delusional disorder, also known as clinical...
What is logorrhea?
Logorrhea, also known as "pressured speech," is a condition marked by excessive and frequently incoherent talkativeness. The term is derived from Greek, with "logo" meaning "word" and "rrhea" meaning "flow." People with logorrhea typically have rapid, unrelenting...
What is lithium toxicity?
Lithium toxicity, also called lithium overdose or lithium poisoning, is a potentially fatal condition caused by high levels of lithium in the bloodstream. Lithium is commonly prescribed as a mood stabilizer for people suffering from bipolar...
Lewy Body Dementia (LBD) is a progressive neurological disorder characterized by abnormal accumulation of the protein alpha-synuclein in the brain. These clumps, known as Lewy bodies, disrupt normal brain function, primarily affecting areas responsible for cognitive functions, motor control,...
