What is photophobia?
Photophobia, also known as light sensitivity, is a condition characterized by excessive sensitivity to light. Individuals with photophobia feel discomfort or pain in their eyes when exposed to light sources such as sunlight, fluorescent lights, or even...
Phacoanaphylactic endophthalmitis is a rare and severe type of intraocular inflammation that occurs when lens proteins are exposed to the immune system, usually as a result of trauma or surgical procedures like cataract extraction. When the lens capsule ruptures,...
Persistent Fetal Vasculature (PFV), formerly known as persistent hyperplastic primary vitreous (PHPV), is a congenital eye condition caused by the inability of the fetal hyaloid vascular system to regress. This vascular system normally feeds the developing lens and vitreous...
As parents explore options to correct their children's vision, contact lenses often emerge as an appealing alternative to traditional eyeglasses. The idea of providing children with the freedom to engage in physical activities without the hindrance of glasses is...
In today's digital age, our eyes are exposed to more screens than ever before—smartphones, computers, tablets, and televisions dominate our daily lives. Along with this increased screen time comes growing concern about the potential harm of blue light emitted...
In a world increasingly dominated by digital screens, our eyes are constantly under strain, leading to a surge in vision-related problems. From the classroom to the workplace, and even at home, the average person spends a significant portion of...
Periorbital cellulitis, also known as preseptal cellulitis, is an infection that affects the eyelid and surrounding skin but does not spread beyond the orbital septum. This condition is most commonly seen in children, but it can occur at any...
A penetrating eye injury is a severe ocular condition in which a foreign object pierces the eye and damages its internal structures. This type of injury can affect the cornea, sclera, lens, retina, and even the optic nerve, causing...
Pediatric glaucoma is a rare but serious eye condition that occurs in infants, children, and adolescents. It is distinguished by elevated intraocular pressure (IOP), which can damage the optic nerve, resulting in vision loss and possibly blindness if not...
Orbital rhabdomyosarcoma (RMS) is a malignant neoplasm that develops from skeletal muscle progenitors, primarily affecting children and adolescents. It appears in the soft tissues of the orbit, causing progressive symptoms such as proptosis (eye bulging), ptosis (drooping eyelid), and...
Orbital pseudotumor, also known as idiopathic orbital inflammation (IOI), is a non-cancerous inflammatory condition that affects the tissues of the orbit, the bony cavity that holds the eye. This condition is distinguished by a sudden onset of inflammation that...
Orbital metastatic carcinoma is the spread of cancer from a primary site elsewhere in the body to the orbit, the bony cavity containing the eye. This condition is uncommon, accounting for only a small percentage of orbital tumors, but...
What is orbital lymphoma?
Orbital lymphoma is a rare type of cancer that develops in lymphocytes, which are white blood cells found in the tissues of the orbit, the bony cavity that houses the eye. This cancer can affect the...
Orbital hemorrhage is the accumulation of blood within the orbit, the bony cavity that houses the eye. This condition can be caused by trauma, such as blunt or penetrating injuries, surgical complications, vascular abnormalities, or spontaneous bleeding disorders. The...
Orbital fractures are breaks or cracks in the bones surrounding the eye, known as the orbit. These fractures are most commonly caused by blunt trauma to the face, such as sports injuries, falls, car accidents, or physical assaults. The...
Orbital cellulitis is a serious bacterial infection that affects the tissues around the eye, such as the eyelids, brows, and cheek. It is usually caused by the spread of infection from the sinuses or direct trauma to the area...
Optic neuritis is an inflammatory condition of the optic nerve, which transmits visual information from the eye to the brain. This condition can result in sudden vision loss, pain during eye movement, and visual field defects. Optic neuritis is...
Optic nerve sheath meningioma (ONSM) is a rare, usually benign tumor that develops from the meninges, the protective membranes that surround the optic nerve. This condition primarily affects middle-aged adults and is more prevalent in women than in men....
Optic nerve pit is a rare congenital anomaly marked by a small, crater-like depression in the optic disc, where the optic nerve enters the eye. This condition is typically present from birth and can affect one or both eyes....
Optic nerve meningioma is a benign tumor that develops from the meninges, the protective membranes that surround the brain and spinal cord. It specifically targets the optic nerve, which is responsible for transmitting visual information from the eyes to...
Optic nerve hypoplasia (ONH) is a congenital condition marked by underdevelopment of the optic nerve, which transmits visual information from the retina to the brain. This condition can affect one or both eyes and is usually diagnosed during infancy...
Optic nerve head avulsion (ONHA) is a rare but serious ocular condition in which the optic nerve head, the point where the optic nerve connects to the retina, is forcibly detached as a result of trauma. This injury is...
Optic nerve glioma, also called optic pathway glioma, is a rare type of brain tumor that affects the optic nerve, which transmits visual information from the eyes to the brain. This condition primarily affects children, particularly those under the...
Optic disc pallor is a pale appearance of the optic disc, the visible portion of the optic nerve located at the back of the eye. This condition indicates optic nerve damage or atrophy, which can be caused by a...
Optic disc drusen (ODD) is an ocular condition marked by the formation of calcified deposits within the optic nerve head. These deposits, primarily composed of proteins and calcium salts, can cause structural changes and compression of the optic nerve...
Optic disc coloboma is a congenital eye condition characterized by an abnormality in the optic nerve head, which causes a portion of the optic disc to appear missing or excavated. This defect occurs when the embryonic fissure is not...
Optic atrophy is the damage and degeneration of the optic nerve, which transmits visual information from the retina to the brain. This condition can cause a gradual decline in vision and, in severe cases, complete blindness. Ischemia (lack of...
Ophthalmia Neonatorum (ON) is a type of conjunctivitis that typically affects newborns within the first 28 days of life. Bacteria, viruses, and chemicals can all cause neonatal conjunctivitis. The most common bacterial pathogens responsible for ON are Neisseria gonorrhoeae...
The nematode Onchocerca volvulus causes onchocerciasis, also known as river blindness. Infected blackflies of the genus Simulium bite humans and transmit the disease. Onchocerciasis primarily affects people in Sub-Saharan Africa, with some cases reported in Latin America and Yemen....
Toxoplasma gondii causes ocular toxoplasmosis, an eye infection. It is the most common cause of posterior uveitis, which is an inflammation of the back of the eye that can cause significant vision loss if not treated properly. The parasite...
