What is Diabetic Papillopathy?
Diabetic papillopathy is a rare eye condition that affects people with diabetes mellitus. The swelling of the optic disc, also known as the papilla, where the optic nerve enters the retina, is the defining feature. This...
What is diabetic cataract?
Diabetic cataract refers to a type of cataract that develops in people who have diabetes. Cataracts are defined by the clouding of the eye's natural lens, which is located behind the iris and pupil. Clouding occurs...
What is ophthalmia neonatorum?
Ophthalmia neonatorum is a type of conjunctivitis that typically affects newborns within the first month of life. This condition is distinguished by eye redness, swelling, and discharge and is primarily caused by bacterial or viral infections...
What is onchocerciasis?
The filarial worm Onchocerca volvulus causes Onchocerciasis, also known as River Blindness. It spreads to humans via the bites of infected blackflies (Simulium species), which breed near fast-flowing rivers and streams, hence the name. The disease primarily...
What is an Oculomotor Nerve Palsy?
Oculomotor Nerve Palsy, also known as Third Nerve Palsy, is a neurological condition characterized by dysfunction of the third cranial nerve, which controls the majority of eye movements. This nerve controls the majority of...
What is ocular toxoplasmosis?
The protozoan parasite Toxoplasma gondii causes ocular toxoplasmosis, an eye infection. This condition usually manifests as necrotizing retinochoroiditis, which affects the retina and choroid and can result in severe visual impairment if not treated properly. It...
What is Ocular Surface Squamous Neoplasia?
Ocular Surface Squamous Neoplasia (OSSN) is a type of eye tumor that develops from the squamous epithelium of the conjunctiva and cornea. The neoplasms range from benign dysplasia to invasive squamous cell carcinoma. OSSN...
Definition of Orbital Dermoid Cyst
A dermoid cyst of the orbit is a congenital tumor that forms when ectodermal and mesodermal cells become trapped during embryonic development. These cysts are most commonly found near the lateral aspect of the brow...
What is dermatochalasis?
Dermatochalasis is a condition that causes excess skin on the upper or lower eyelids, as well as weakening of the eyelid connective tissue. This condition is most commonly seen in older adults as a result of the...
What is Dacryoadenitis?
Dacryoadenitis is an inflammation of the lacrimal gland, which produces tears and is located in the upper outer part of each eye. This condition may be acute or chronic. Acute dacryoadenitis is defined by the sudden onset...
What is cystoid macular edema (CME)?
Cystoid macular edema (CME) is a condition in which fluid accumulates in the macula, the central part of the retina responsible for detail vision. This fluid accumulates in cyst-like spaces within the retinal layers,...
What is Cyclic esotropia?
Cyclic esotropia is a rare and distinct type of strabismus defined by a regular and predictable alternation between periods of normal ocular alignment (orthophoria) and periods of inward eye deviation (esotropia). This cyclical pattern typically occurs...
What is orbital lymphoma?
Orbital lymphoma is a cancer that develops in the lymphatic tissues of the orbit, the bony cavity that holds the eye. It is a subtype of non-Hodgkin lymphoma and is a rare but significant cause of...
What is Orbital Hemorrhage?
Orbital hemorrhage is a medical condition characterized by bleeding inside the orbit, the bony cavity that houses the eye. This condition can result from trauma, surgical complications, vascular malformations, or systemic diseases. Orbital hemorrhage can cause...
What are orbital fractures?
Orbital fractures are breaks or cracks in the bones surrounding the eye, known as the orbit. These fractures are most commonly caused by facial trauma, such as accidents, falls, sports injuries, or physical assaults. Orbital fractures...
What is cortical cataract?
A cortical cataract affects the lens of the eye, specifically the outer edge known as the cortex. Cataracts are defined as the clouding of the eye's natural lens, which causes vision impairment. Cortical cataracts begin as...
What exactly is a corneal ulcer?
A corneal ulcer is an open sore on the cornea, the transparent, dome-shaped surface that covers the front of the eye. This condition is frequently caused by an infection, but non-infectious causes such as...
What is Corneal Neovascularization (CN)?
Corneal neovascularization is the formation of new blood vessels in the cornea, the transparent, dome-shaped surface that covers the front of the eyeball. The cornea is normally avascular, which means it lacks blood vessels, in...
Introduction to Corneal Mucous Plaques
Corneal mucous plaques are deposits that form on the corneal surface as a result of the buildup of mucus, inflammatory cells, and debris. These plaques are frequently associated with chronic inflammatory conditions of the eye,...
What is orbital metastatic carcinoma?
Orbital metastatic carcinoma is the spread of cancerous cells from a primary site in the body to the orbit, the bony cavity that surrounds the eye. This is a rare condition that can have serious...
What is a Corneal Laceration?
A corneal laceration is a deep cut or tear in the cornea, which is the clear front surface of the eye that protects the iris, pupil, and anterior chamber. Trauma, such as being struck by...
What are orbital fractures?
Orbital fractures are breaks or cracks in the bones surrounding the eye, known as the orbit. These fractures are most commonly caused by facial trauma, such as accidents, falls, sports injuries, or physical assaults. Orbital fractures...
What is Orbital Cellulitis?
Orbital cellulitis is a severe infection that affects the tissues around the eye, such as the eyelids, brows, and cheek. Bacterial infections spread from the sinuses, teeth, or bloodstream are common causes of this condition. If...
What is Optic Neuritis?
Optic neuritis is an inflammatory condition of the optic nerve, which transmits visual information from the eye to the brain. This inflammation can cause sudden vision loss, pain with eye movement, and other visual disturbances. Optic...
What is Optic Nerve Sheath Meningioma?
Optic nerve sheath meningioma (ONSM) is a rare, usually benign tumor that develops in the meninges around the optic nerve. Because of their location and compression on the optic nerve, these tumors have the...
What is the Optic Nerve Pit?
Optic nerve pits are a rare congenital anomaly of the optic disc that cause small, crater-like depressions in the optic nerve heads. These pits can cause serous retinal detachment and macular changes, resulting in...
What is Optic Nerve Meningioma?
Optic nerve meningioma is a rare, usually benign tumor that develops from the meninges, the protective layers that surround the optic nerve. The location and growth patterns of these tumors can cause progressive vision loss...
What is corneal edema?
Corneal edema is a condition in which excess fluid accumulates within the cornea, a clear, dome-shaped surface that covers the front of the eye. The fluid buildup causes the cornea to swell, resulting in blurred vision,...
What is corneal ectasia?
Corneal ectasia is a progressive eye disorder characterized by the thinning and bulging of the cornea, the eye's clear front surface that focuses light and allows for clear vision. This condition causes a cone-shaped deformation of...
What is Corneal Dystrophy?
Corneal dystrophies are a class of hereditary eye disorders distinguished by progressive deterioration of the cornea, the transparent front part of the eye that helps focus light. Unlike other corneal conditions caused by infections or injuries,...
