Evidence-Based Supplement & Herb Guides

Circulating Tumor DNA (ctDNA) Test: Cancer Monitoring, Mutations, MRD, and Recurrence Risk

Learn how a ctDNA test detects tumor DNA in blood, what mutations and MRD results mean, how ctDNA tracks treatment, and how it relates to recurrence risk.

A circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) test looks for fragments of DNA released by cancer cells into the bloodstream. It is a type of liquid...

ctDNA Minimal Residual Disease (MRD) Test: Recurrence Risk, Tumor DNA Monitoring, and Meaning

Learn what a ctDNA MRD test means, how tumor-informed and tumor-naive testing differ, and how positive or negative results relate to cancer recurrence risk.

A ctDNA minimal residual disease (MRD) test looks for tiny amounts of tumor-derived DNA in blood after treatment has removed or destroyed all cancer...

ctDNA Mutation Panel: Tumor Mutations, Blood-Based Genomic Testing, and Resistance Markers

Learn how a ctDNA mutation panel finds tumor mutations and resistance markers in blood, what actionable and negative results mean, and when tissue testing is still needed.

A ctDNA mutation panel is a blood-based genomic test that looks for cancer-related DNA alterations circulating in plasma. It is most often used in...

ctDNA Tumor Fraction Test: Cancer Burden, Blood DNA Percentage, and Result Meaning

$Learn what a ctDNA tumor fraction test measures, how blood DNA percentage is calculated, what low or high results may mean, and why assay limits matter.$

A ctDNA tumor fraction test estimates how much of the cell-free DNA circulating in a blood sample comes from cancer cells. The result can...

EGFR T790M Liquid Biopsy Test: Lung Cancer Resistance Mutation and ctDNA Result Meaning

An EGFR T790M liquid biopsy looks for a specific resistance mutation in tumor DNA circulating in the blood of someone with non-small cell lung...

ESR1 Liquid Biopsy Test: Breast Cancer Hormone Resistance Marker and ctDNA Monitoring

Learn what an ESR1 liquid biopsy detects, how positive and negative ctDNA results are interpreted, and how emerging ESR1 mutations can guide advanced breast cancer therapy.

An ESR1 liquid biopsy checks circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) in blood for mutations in the gene that encodes estrogen receptor alpha. In estrogen receptor-positive,...

Exosome Cancer Test: Tumor RNA, Blood Biomarkers, and Diagnostic Research

Learn how exosome cancer tests analyze tumor RNA, proteins, DNA, and extracellular vesicles, what abnormal results may mean, and why most uses remain under research.

An exosome cancer test analyzes tiny membrane-bound particles released by cells into blood or other body fluids for molecular clues associated with cancer. These...

FoundationOne Liquid CDx Test: ctDNA, Cancer Genomics, Mutation Report, and Companion Diagnostic Use

Learn how FoundationOne Liquid CDx analyzes ctDNA for cancer mutations, how to read the genomic report, what companion-diagnostic findings mean, and why tissue testing may still be needed.

FoundationOne Liquid CDx is a blood-based comprehensive genomic profiling test used in people with solid tumors when a clinician needs information about cancer-related DNA...

Fragmentomics Cancer Blood Test: Cell-Free DNA Patterns and Early Detection Research

Learn how fragmentomics cancer blood tests analyze cell-free DNA length, ends, and genome-wide patterns, what classifier results mean, and why early-detection use still requires prospective validation.

A fragmentomics cancer blood test looks at the physical patterns of cell-free DNA fragments in plasma rather than relying only on specific tumor mutations....

Galleri Test: Multi-Cancer Early Detection, Cancer Signal, and Result Meaning

Learn how the Galleri multi-cancer early detection test uses cfDNA methylation, what Cancer Signal Detected and No Cancer Signal Detected mean, and what current trials show about accuracy and follow-up.

The Galleri test is a prescription blood test designed to look for a shared cancer signal from many cancer types in people who do...

Guardant360 Test: Liquid Biopsy, Cancer Mutations, ctDNA, and Genomic Profiling

Learn how Guardant360 Liquid CDx analyzes ctDNA for cancer mutations, what the current FDA-approved panel reports, how companion-diagnostic findings guide therapy, and why negative plasma results may need tissue confirmation.

Guardant360 is a family of blood-based genomic profiling tests used mainly for people with advanced solid cancers. The current U.S. FDA-approved platform, Guardant360 Liquid...

KRAS Liquid Biopsy Test: Colon, Lung, Pancreatic Cancer, Mutation Status, and ctDNA Meaning

Understand what a KRAS liquid biopsy measures, how ctDNA results are interpreted, and what KRAS mutations can mean in colorectal, lung, and pancreatic cancer.

A KRAS liquid biopsy is a blood test that looks for tumor-derived KRAS mutations in circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA). It can help characterize some...

Liquid Biopsy Resistance Mutation Test: Cancer Drug Resistance Markers and Mutation Detection

Learn how liquid biopsy resistance mutation tests detect ctDNA markers of cancer drug resistance, when testing is useful, how results are read, and why negative results may need tissue confirmation.

A liquid biopsy resistance mutation test looks for genetic changes in circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) that can explain why a cancer has stopped responding—or...

Liquid Biopsy Test: Circulating Tumor DNA, Blood-Based Tumor Testing, and Mutation Detection

Learn how liquid biopsy tests use circulating tumor DNA for blood-based cancer profiling, mutation detection, treatment selection, resistance testing, MRD monitoring, and result interpretation.

A liquid biopsy is a laboratory test that looks for cancer-related material in blood or another body fluid instead of removing a piece of...

OncoBEAM Test: ctDNA Mutation Testing, Digital PCR, and Blood-Based Monitoring

Learn how the OncoBEAM ctDNA test uses BEAMing digital PCR for sensitive mutation detection, RAS testing in metastatic colorectal cancer, resistance monitoring, and blood-based result interpretation.

OncoBEAM is a highly sensitive liquid-biopsy approach that uses BEAMing digital PCR to detect selected tumor mutations in circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) from plasma....

RaDaR Test: ctDNA MRD, Cancer Monitoring, and Recurrence Detection

Learn how the RaDaR ctDNA test uses personalized tumor mutations to detect MRD, monitor recurrence risk, and interpret positive or negative results.

RaDaR is a personalized blood test that looks for tiny amounts of circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) after a cancer has been treated or while...

Signatera Test: ctDNA MRD, Cancer Recurrence, and Personalized Monitoring

Understand how the Signatera ctDNA test detects personalized MRD, what positive and negative results mean, and how serial testing may signal cancer recurrence.

Signatera is a personalized circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) blood test used to look for molecular residual disease (MRD) and to monitor cancer over time....

Tempus xF Test: Liquid Biopsy, Cancer Genomics, ctDNA, and Mutation Results

Learn what the Tempus xF liquid biopsy tests, how xF differs from xF+, and how to interpret ctDNA mutations, negative results, MSI-H, and bTMB.

Tempus xF is a blood-based next-generation sequencing test that analyzes circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) to look for genomic changes in solid cancers. Its main...

Tumor-Informed ctDNA Test: Personalized MRD Monitoring, Recurrence Detection, and Result Meaning

Learn how tumor-informed ctDNA tests personalize MRD monitoring, what positive and negative results mean, and how they compare with tumor-naive blood testing.

A tumor-informed ctDNA test is a personalized blood test built from genetic changes found in a patient’s own cancer. It is most often used...

Tumor-Naive ctDNA Test: Blood-Based Cancer Monitoring Without Tumor Tissue

A tumor-naive ctDNA test looks for cancer-related DNA signals in blood without first sequencing that patient’s tumor to build a custom assay. Also called...