Thyroid Antibody Panel: TPOAb, TgAb, TRAb, TSI, and Results
A thyroid antibody panel looks for immune proteins that react with the thyroid gland or its hormone-making machinery. The four names most often seen...
Thyroid Function Test Panel: TSH, Free T4, Free T3, Thyroid Antibodies, and Results
A thyroid function test panel combines blood tests that show how the pituitary gland and thyroid are communicating. TSH is usually the starting test,...
Thyroid Hormone Replacement Monitoring Test: TSH, Free T4, Levothyroxine Dose, and Results
Thyroid hormone replacement monitoring checks whether a levothyroxine dose is supplying enough T4 without causing excess. For most adults with primary hypothyroidism, TSH is...
Thyroid Peroxidase Antibody (TPOAb) Test: Hashimoto Thyroiditis, Graves Disease, and Results
The thyroid peroxidase antibody test detects immune proteins directed against thyroid peroxidase, an enzyme the thyroid uses to make T4 and T3. A positive...
Thyroid Tests in Pregnancy: TSH, Free T4, TPOAb, Trimester Ranges, and Results
Thyroid testing in pregnancy usually begins with TSH and adds free T4 when TSH is outside the pregnancy-appropriate range or thyroid disease is strongly...
Thyroid-Stimulating Hormone (TSH) Test: High, Low, Normal Range, and Thyroid Function Results
The thyroid-stimulating hormone test measures TSH, a pituitary hormone that tells the thyroid how much T4 and T3 to make. It is usually the...
Thyroid-Stimulating Immunoglobulin (TSI) Test: Graves Disease, Positive Results, and Meaning
The thyroid-stimulating immunoglobulin test looks for antibodies that activate the thyroid’s TSH receptor. These stimulating antibodies can make the gland produce excessive T4 and...
Thyroxine-Binding Globulin (TBG) Test: High, Low, Normal Range, and Thyroid Hormones
A thyroxine-binding globulin test measures the blood protein that carries most circulating T4 and T3. It is mainly used when total thyroid hormone results...
Total T3 (Triiodothyronine) Test: High, Low, Normal Range, and Hyperthyroidism Results
A total T3 test measures all triiodothyronine in the blood, including hormone attached to carrier proteins and the very small free portion. It is...
Total T4 (Thyroxine) Test: High, Low, Normal Range, and Thyroid Function
A total T4 test measures all thyroxine in the blood, including hormone bound to transport proteins and the small free fraction. T4 is the...
TSH Receptor Antibody (TRAb) Test: Graves Disease, Hyperthyroidism, and Results
A TSH receptor antibody test detects autoantibodies that attach to the thyroid’s TSH receptor. It is most often used to confirm Graves disease, the...
TSH With Reflex to Free T4 Test: Thyroid Screening, Abnormal Results, and Meaning
A TSH with reflex to free T4 test is a laboratory algorithm rather than a single combined measurement. The laboratory measures thyroid-stimulating hormone first....
17-Hydroxyprogesterone (17-OHP) Test: Congenital Adrenal Hyperplasia, PCOS, and Results
The 17-hydroxyprogesterone (17-OHP) test measures a steroid made mainly in the adrenal glands and, to a smaller extent, the ovaries and testes. Its main...
Androstenedione Blood Test: High, Low, PCOS, Adrenal, and Fertility Results
An androstenedione blood test measures a weak androgen made by the adrenal glands and gonads. The body can convert it into testosterone or estrogens,...
Anti-Mullerian Hormone (AMH) Test: Ovarian Reserve, Fertility, and Results
The anti-Müllerian hormone (AMH) test estimates the pool of small growing ovarian follicles and is widely used to predict how the ovaries may respond...
Bioavailable Testosterone Test: High, Low, Normal Range, and Results
A bioavailable testosterone test estimates the testosterone that is not tightly bound to sex hormone-binding globulin (SHBG). It includes free testosterone plus testosterone loosely...
Day 21 Progesterone Test: Ovulation Confirmation, Luteal Phase, Normal Range, and Results
A “day 21” progesterone test checks whether ovulation likely occurred by measuring progesterone during the luteal phase. The name assumes a 28-day cycle with...
Dehydroepiandrosterone Sulfate (DHEA-S) Test: High, Low, Normal Range, and Results
A dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate (DHEA-S) test measures the most abundant circulating adrenal androgen. Because the adrenal glands produce nearly all DHEA-S, the result helps identify...
Delayed Puberty Hormone Test Panel: LH, FSH, Estradiol, Testosterone, and Results
A delayed puberty hormone panel measures signals from the pituitary gland and sex hormones from the ovaries or testes to help explain why puberty...
Estradiol (E2) Test: High, Low, Normal Range, Fertility, and Menopause Results
An estradiol (E2) test measures the most active estrogen during the reproductive years. It helps evaluate menstrual changes, fertility treatment, ovarian function, puberty, menopause-related...



















