What is Fraser syndrome?
Fraser Syndrome is a rare genetic disorder characterized by a variety of congenital abnormalities, including cryptophthalmos (when the eyelids fail to develop properly, resulting in a fusion of the skin over the eyes), syndactyly (finger and...
What is Foster Kennedy syndrome?
Foster Kennedy Syndrome is a rare neurological condition in which one eye has optic atrophy and the other has papilledema (swelling of the optic disc). This condition is typically caused by a space-occupying lesion, such...
What is Floppy Eyelids Syndrome?
Floppy Eyelid Syndrome (FES) is an ocular condition characterized by upper eyelid laxity and floppiness, which allows them to be easily everted (turned inside out). This condition frequently causes chronic eye irritation, discomfort, and redness...
What is Familial Exudative Vitreoretinopathy?
Familial exudative vitreoretinopathy (FEVR) is a rare genetic disorder that affects the formation and function of blood vessels in the retina, the light-sensitive tissue at the back of the eye. This condition can cause vision...
What is eyelid squamous cell carcinoma?
Eyelid squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) is a skin cancer that develops from squamous cells in the epidermis, the skin's outermost layer. It is the second most common malignant tumor on the eyelid, after basal...
What is eyelid sebaceous gland carcinoma?
Eyelid sebaceous gland carcinoma is a rare but aggressive malignant tumor that develops from the sebaceous glands, which produce sebum, an oily substance that moisturizes the skin and hair. This carcinoma primarily affects the...
What is Eyelid Laceration?
An eyelid laceration is a cut or tear in the eyelid tissue that is typically caused by trauma or injury. This condition can affect the skin's surface layers or penetrate deeper, involving muscles, fat, and even...
What is eyelid edema?
Eyelid edema is a condition in which the eyelids swell due to the accumulation of fluid in the tissues. Swelling of one or both eyelids can be caused by a variety of factors, including allergic reactions,...
What is Eyelid Dermatitis?
Eyelid dermatitis is an inflammatory condition that affects the delicate skin on the eyelids. It is distinguished by redness, swelling, itching, and scaling of the eyelid skin. A variety of factors can contribute to this condition,...
What are eyelid burns?
Eyelid burns are injuries to the eyelid's skin and tissues caused by exposure to heat, chemicals, electricity, or radiation. These burns can range from mild to severe, with serious consequences if not treated properly. Burns can...
What is eyelid basal cell carcinoma?
Eyelid basal cell carcinoma (BCC) is a skin cancer that develops from basal cells in the epidermis, the skin's outermost layer. It is the most common malignant tumor of the eyelid, accounting for nearly...
What is exotropia?
Exotropia is an ocular condition marked by outward deviation of one or both eyes. This type of strabismus, also called divergent strabismus, occurs when the eyes are misaligned and point away from each other. Exotropia can be...
What is exophoria?
Exophoria is an ocular condition in which one eye moves outward while focusing on an object. Exophoria, as opposed to exotropia, is typically latent and only becomes apparent under certain conditions, such as stress, fatigue, or disruption...
What is Exfoliative Glaucoma?
Exfoliative glaucoma (XFG), also known as pseudoexfoliative glaucoma, is a type of secondary open-angle glaucoma that occurs when extracellular material accumulates in the anterior segment of the eye. This condition is linked to exfoliation syndrome (XFS),...
Introduction to Esotropia
Esotropia is a type of strabismus (eye misalignment) in which one or both eyes turn inward and toward the nose. This condition can occur intermittently or continuously, affecting either one or both eyes. Esotropia can occur at...
Introduction to Esophoria
Esophoria is a type of eye misalignment, or strabismus, in which one eye deviates inward towards the nose when focused on an object. Unlike esotropia, which is a constant misalignment, esophoria usually occurs intermittently and is most...
Introduction to Epithelial Basement Membrane Dystrophy
Epithelial Basement Membrane Dystrophy (EBMD), also known as Map-Dot-Fingerprint Dystrophy or Cogan's Microcystic Dystrophy, is a common but usually non-progressive corneal condition. EBMD affects the corneal epithelium, which is the cornea's outermost layer, as...
Introduction to Episcleritis
Episcleritis is an inflammatory condition that affects the episclera, which is a thin layer of tissue located between the conjunctiva and the sclera. It is usually a harmless, self-limiting condition marked by redness, mild discomfort, and no...
Introduction to the Epiretinal Membrane
An epiretinal membrane (ERM), also known as macular pucker or cellophane maculopathy, is a condition in which a thin, fibrous layer forms on the retina's surface, particularly over the macula. The macula is the central...
Introduction to Epiphora
Epiphora, also known as excessive tearing, is a condition in which tears overflow onto the face. This happens when the tear drainage system becomes blocked or unable to function properly, or when there is an excess of...
What is Entropion?
Entropion is an ocular condition in which the eyelids turn inward, rubbing the eyelashes and skin against the eye's surface. This can cause discomfort, irritation, and damage to the cornea. It primarily affects the lower eyelid and...
Introduction to Endothelial Dystrophy
Endothelial dystrophy is a collection of progressive eye disorders that primarily affect the cornea's inner layer, known as the endothelium. This layer is essential for preserving corneal transparency by regulating fluid balance within the cornea. When...
Introduction to Endophthalmitis
Endophthalmitis is a serious and potentially vision-threatening condition that causes inflammation within the eye, primarily affecting the vitreous and/or aqueous humor. This condition is usually caused by an infection, but non-infectious causes, such as autoimmune responses or...
Introduction to Emmetropia
Emmetropia is the condition of perfect vision in which the eye can focus light directly on the retina without the use of corrective lenses. In an emmetropic eye, the cornea and lens correctly bend light rays so...
Introduction
Ehlers-Danlos Syndrome (EDS) is a collection of inherited connective tissue disorders marked by skin hyperextensibility, joint hypermobility, and tissue fragility. These systemic features can also affect the eyes, resulting in a variety of ocular manifestations. The ocular complications of...
What is a Foreign Body in Eye?
A foreign body in the eye is any external object or substance that enters and remains within the eye. This can include everything from small particles like dust, sand, and metal shavings to...
What is Ectropion?
Ectropion is an ocular condition in which the eyelid margin, usually the lower eyelid, turns outward and away from the eyeball. This condition can expose the inner eyelid surface and conjunctiva, resulting in dryness, irritation, and discomfort....
Introduction to Ebola Virus Disease Ocular Symptoms
Ebola Virus Disease (EVD) is a severe, often fatal illness caused by the Ebola virus, which belongs to the Filoviridae family. While EVD primarily affects the immune system, resulting in severe hemorrhagic fever,...
Introduction to Eales Disease
Eales disease is a rare idiopathic occlusive vasculopathy that primarily affects the peripheral retina and is most frequently seen in young adults. Eales disease, named after British ophthalmologist Henry Eales, who first described it in 1880,...
Introduction to Duane Retraction Syndrome
Duane Retraction Syndrome (DRS) is a rare congenital eye movement disorder defined by the inability of one or both eyes to move outward (abduction) or inward (adduction). Alexander Duane first described this condition in 1905,...
