What is a conjunctival laceration?
Conjunctival laceration is a tear or cut in the conjunctiva, a thin, transparent tissue that covers the white part of the eye (sclera) and lines the inside of the eyelids. Trauma from sharp objects, foreign...
What is congenital retinal dystrophy?
Congenital retinal dystrophies are a class of inherited disorders that affect the retina, the light-sensitive tissue in the back of the eye. These conditions start at birth or develop early in life and cause progressive...
What is Congenital Ptosis?
Congenital ptosis is defined as the drooping of one or both upper eyelids from birth. This ocular condition can impair a child's vision development and, if not treated, can lead to complications like amblyopia (lazy eye),...
What is congenital glaucoma?
Congenital glaucoma, also known as primary congenital glaucoma (PCG), is a rare but serious eye condition that appears at birth or develops shortly thereafter. It is caused by abnormal development of the eye's drainage system, specifically...
What is an Oculomotor Nerve Palsy?
Oculomotor Nerve Palsy, also known as Third Nerve Palsy, is a neurological condition characterized by dysfunction of the third cranial nerve, which controls the majority of eye movements. This nerve controls the majority of...
What is ocular toxoplasmosis?
The protozoan parasite Toxoplasma gondii causes ocular toxoplasmosis, an eye infection. This condition usually manifests as necrotizing retinochoroiditis, which affects the retina and choroid and can result in severe visual impairment if not treated properly. It...
What is Ocular Surface Squamous Neoplasia?
Ocular Surface Squamous Neoplasia (OSSN) is a type of eye tumor that develops from the squamous epithelium of the conjunctiva and cornea. The neoplasms range from benign dysplasia to invasive squamous cell carcinoma. OSSN...
What is ocular myasthenia gravis?
Ocular Myasthenia Gravis (OMG) is a subtype of Myasthenia Gravis (MG), an autoimmune neuromuscular disorder that affects the muscles responsible for eye and eyelid movement. Patients with OMG have fluctuating weakness and fatigue of the...
What is ocular migraine?
Ocular migraine, also known as retinal migraine, is a type of migraine that impairs vision. Temporary visual disturbances, such as light flashes, blind spots, or even temporary blindness in one eye, characterize this condition. These visual...
What is congenital cataract?
A congenital cataract is a clouding of the eye's lens that appears at birth or develops soon after. The lens, which is located behind the iris and pupil, is responsible for focusing light on the retina,...
What is Compressive Optic Neuropathy?
Compressive optic neuropathy is a condition in which external compression damages the optic nerve, which transmits visual information from the eye to the brain. Tumors, inflammation, vascular malformations, and trauma are all potential causes of...
What is Commotio Retinae?
Commotio retinae, also known as Berlin's edema, is a retinal traumatic injury that occurs as a result of eye trauma. This condition causes transient whitening of the retina, primarily affecting the outer retinal layers, which include...
What is coloboma?
Coloboma is a congenital ocular condition characterized by tissue loss in one or more eye structures, including the iris, retina, choroid, or optic nerve. The term "coloboma" comes from the Greek word for "curtailed" or "mutilated," which...
What is chronic progressive external ophthalmoplegia?
Chronic Progressive External Ophthalmoplegia (CPEO) is a rare mitochondrial disorder that causes progressive weakness of the external eye muscles, resulting in ptosis (drooping eyelids) and ophthalmoplegia. This condition impairs eye movement and has a...
What is ocular hypertension?
Ocular hypertension is defined as elevated intraocular pressure (IOP) in the eye. Ocular hypertension, unlike glaucoma, does not cause optic nerve damage or vision loss. It is, however, regarded as a significant risk factor for glaucoma...
What is ocular histoplasmosis syndrome?
The Histoplasma capsulatum fungus, which typically enters the body through the respiratory system, causes Ocular Histoplasmosis Syndrome (OHS), a severe eye condition. If not treated properly, this syndrome can cause significant vision loss. It primarily...
What is Ocular Circatricial Pemphigoid?
Ocular cicatricial pemphigoid (OCP) is a rare, chronic autoimmune disease that affects the mucous membranes, primarily the conjunctiva of the eyes. This condition causes progressive scarring and fibrosis, which may result in severe vision impairment...
What is Ocular Chemical Burn?
Ocular chemical burns are serious injuries caused by exposing the eyes to acidic or alkaline substances. These burns can cause significant damage to the eye's structures, resulting in pain, vision impairment, and even blindness if...
What is nystagmus?
Nystagmus is an ocular condition in which the eyes move involuntarily and repetitively. These movements can be horizontal, vertical, or rotary, and they can affect either or both eyes. Nystagmus can be congenital, presenting in infancy, or...
What is Chronic Lacrimal Canaliculitis?
Chronic lacrimal canaliculitis is an ongoing inflammation of the lacrimal canaliculi, which are small channels in the eyelids that drain tears from the eye's surface into the lacrimal sac and then into the nasal cavity....
What is Chronic Angle Closure Glaucoma?
Chronic angle-closure glaucoma (CACG) is a type of glaucoma defined by the gradual closure of the eye's anterior chamber angle, where the iris meets the cornea. This closure prevents the drainage of aqueous humor,...
What is choroiditis?
Choroiditis is an inflammatory disease that affects the choroid, the vascular layer of the eye located between the retina and the sclera. The choroid is responsible for supplying oxygen and nutrients to the outer retina, and inflammation...
What is choroideremia?
Choroideremia is a rare, inherited retinal degenerative disorder that mostly affects men. Mutations in the CHM gene, which encodes the Rab escort protein-1, are to blame. This protein is required for the proper function of cells in...
What is choroidal osteoma?
Choroidal osteoma is a rare, benign osseous tumor that develops in the choroid, the vascular layer of the eye that lies between the retina and the sclera. Choroidal osteomas, first described in 1978, are defined by...
What is nutritional optic neuropathy?
Nutritional optic neuropathy is a rare but serious condition caused by a lack of essential nutrients needed to keep the optic nerves healthy. This condition causes degeneration of the optic nerve fibers, which results in...
What is nuclear sclerosis?
Nuclear sclerosis is a common age-related condition that affects the lens of the eye. The lens nucleus, or central part of the lens, gradually hardens and yellows. As people age, the proteins in the lens can...
What is Norrie disease?
Norrie disease is a rare genetic condition that primarily affects the eyes and causes congenital blindness in male infants. Mutations in the NDP gene, which is required for retinal and inner ear development, cause this condition....
What is Normal Tension Glaucoma?
Normal-tension glaucoma (NTG), also known as low-tension or normal-pressure glaucoma, is a type of glaucoma that causes optic nerve damage despite normal intraocular pressure (IOP). Unlike other types of glaucoma, in which high IOP is...
What is Noninfectious Endophthalmitis?
Non-infectious endophthalmitis is an inflammatory condition of the eye that affects intraocular tissues such as the vitreous and aqueous humors. In contrast to infectious endophthalmitis, which is caused by bacterial, fungal, or viral infections, non-infectious endophthalmitis...
What is a Choroidal Nevus?
A choroidal nevus is a benign pigmented lesion in the choroid, the vascular layer of the eye that lies between the retina and the sclera. These lesions resemble moles on the skin and are made...
