What is iritis?
Iritis, also known as anterior uveitis, is an inflammatory condition affecting the iris, the colored part of the eye that surrounds the pupil. This condition may cause redness, pain, light sensitivity, blurred vision, and floaters in the...
What is Iris Nevus?
Iris nevus is a benign, pigmented growth on the iris, the colored part of the eye. These growths are typically flat or slightly raised and range in color from light to dark brown. While iris nevi...
What is Iris Dialysis?
Iris dialysis is an ocular condition in which the iris root separates or tears from its attachment to the ciliary body. This condition is frequently the result of eye trauma, which causes a variety of visual...
What is Irido-Corneal Endothelial Syndrome?
Irido Corneal Endothelial Syndrome (ICE Syndrome) is a rare ocular disorder that causes abnormal proliferation and migration of endothelial cells from the cornea to the iris. This syndrome causes a variety of clinical manifestations, including...
What is intraocular lymphoma?
Intraocular lymphoma is a rare and aggressive cancer that develops within the eye. This cancer primarily affects the vitreous, retina, and optic nerve and is frequently associated with central nervous system lymphoma, particularly in immunocompromised people....
What is internuclear ophthalmoplegia?
Internuclear Ophthalmoplegia (INO) is a rare ocular motility disorder defined by an inability to coordinate horizontal eye movements. A lesion in the medial longitudinal fasciculus (MLF), a critical brainstem pathway that connects the nuclei of cranial...
What is intermediate uveitis?
Intermediate uveitis is a type of uveitis that causes inflammation primarily in the vitreous humor and peripheral retina, both of which are located in the eye's middle layer. Unlike anterior uveitis, which affects the front of...
What is infectious uveitis?
Infectious uveitis is a serious infection-related inflammation of the uveal tract, the eye's middle layer. The uveal tract consists of the iris, ciliary body, and choroid, all of which are necessary for blood supply to the...
What is Infectious Endophthalmitis?
Infectious endophthalmitis is a severe, vision-threatening inflammation of the inside of the eye that is usually caused by infection. This condition can develop after eye surgery, penetrating ocular trauma, or systemic infections that spread to the...
What is idiopathic intracranial hypertension?
Idiopathic intracranial hypertension (IIH), also known as pseudotumor cerebri, is a condition in which there is an increase in pressure around the brain with no obvious cause. This elevated intracranial pressure can mimic the symptoms...
What is hypotropia?
Hypotropia is a type of strabismus in which one eye deviates downward relative to the other, resulting in misalignment. This ocular condition can impair binocular vision and depth perception, resulting in symptoms like double vision, eye strain,...
What is hypophoria?
Hypophoria is a type of vertical heterophoria in which one eye drifts downward relative to the other when not actively focused on an object. It is a latent misalignment that is typically managed by the brain's fusion...
What is hyphema?
Hyphema is an ocular condition characterized by the presence of blood in the anterior chamber of the eye, which is located between the cornea and the iris. Trauma to the eye is a common cause of this...
What is hypertropia?
Hypertropia is a type of strabismus in which one eye is misaligned upwards in comparison to the other. This misalignment can cause significant visual disturbances, such as double vision, eye strain, and difficulty detecting depth. Hypertropia can...
What is hypertensive retinopathy?
Chronic high blood pressure affects the retina, the light-sensitive tissue at the back of the eye, resulting in hypertensive retinopathy. Prolonged hypertension damages the blood vessels of the retina, resulting in a variety of visual symptoms...
What is hyperphoria?
Hyperphoria is a type of latent strabismus (eye misalignment) in which one eye deviates upwards relative to the other when not actively focused on an object. Unlike manifest strabismus, hyperphoria is typically controlled by the brain's fusion...
What is hyperopia?
Hyperopia, also known as farsightedness, is a refractive error in which distant objects appear more clearly than close ones. This condition develops when the eye is shorter than normal or the cornea has too little curvature, causing...
What is hyperlysinemia?
Hyperlysinemia is a rare metabolic disorder characterized by high levels of the amino acid lysine in the blood due to a lack of the enzyme saccharopine dehydrogenase. This enzyme is essential in the lysine degradation pathway, and...
What is Horner Syndrome?
Horner's syndrome, also known as oculosympathetic paresis, is a neurological disorder caused by a disruption of the sympathetic nerves that supply the eye and surrounding facial muscles. This condition presents with the classic triad of symptoms:...
What is Hordeolum?
Hordeolum, also known as a stye, is an acute infection or inflammation of the oil glands in the eyelid that causes a painful, red lump near the edge of the eye. This condition is caused by a...
What is Homonymous Hemianopia?
Homonymous hemianopia is a visual field defect that affects the same side of both eyes. This condition is caused by damage to the brain's visual pathways, specifically the optic tract, optic radiation, and occipital cortex. Individuals...
What is homocystinuria?
Homocystinuria is a rare inherited metabolic disorder marked by an excess of homocysteine in the blood and urine. This condition is caused by a deficiency in one of several enzymes involved in the methionine metabolism. Ectopia lentis,...
What is herpes simplex keratitis?
Herpes simplex keratitis (HSK) is an ocular infection caused by the herpes simplex virus (HSV), specifically HSV-1. It is the leading cause of infectious blindness in developed countries, and if not treated properly, it can...
What is hereditary retinal dystrophies?
Hereditary retinal dystrophies are a group of genetic disorders that cause progressive retinal degeneration, resulting in vision loss. These conditions are caused by mutations in the genes that control retinal cell development and function. Symptoms...
What is Hereditary Optic Neuropathy?
Hereditary optic neuropathies are a class of genetic disorders marked by progressive degeneration of the optic nerves, resulting in visual impairment. These conditions are inherited and can occur at any stage of life, from infancy...
What is Hemangiopericytoma of the Orbit?
Hemangiopericytoma of the orbit is a rare vascular tumor that develops from the pericytes, which are contractile cells that surround the capillaries and veins. These tumors can develop anywhere in the body, but they...
What is Gyrate Atrophy?
Gyrate atrophy of the choroid and retina is a rare inherited retinal dystrophy with progressive vision loss. It is caused by mutations in the OAT gene, which codes for the enzyme ornithine aminotransferase. This enzyme deficiency...
What is Graves Orbitopathy?
Graves' Orbitopathy, also known as Thyroid Eye Disease (TED), is an autoimmune disorder that affects the orbit of the eye. It is frequently associated with Graves' disease, a condition characterized by hyperthyroidism, or excessive thyroid activity....
What is gonococcal conjunctivitis?
Gonococcal conjunctivitis is a severe and acute bacterial eye infection caused by Neisseria gonorrhoeae, which is also responsible for the sexually transmitted infection gonorrhea. This condition most commonly affects newborns (neonatal conjunctivitis) and sexually active adults....
What is Goldenhar syndrome?
Goldenhar Syndrome, also known as the oculo-auriculo-vertebral (OAV) spectrum, is a rare congenital condition marked by craniofacial anomalies that primarily affect the development of the eyes, ears, and vertebrae. The ocular manifestations of Goldenhar Syndrome are...
