Evidence-Based Supplement & Herb Guides

FLT3 Mutation Test: AML, Leukemia Risk, and Treatment Results

Learn how the FLT3 mutation test guides AML risk assessment, targeted treatment, transplant planning, relapse testing, and interpretation of ITD and TKD results.

An FLT3 mutation test checks leukemia cells for changes in the FMS-like tyrosine kinase 3 gene. It is a standard part of evaluating newly...

HER2/ERBB2 Test: Breast, Gastric, Lung Cancer, and Targeted Therapy Results

Understand HER2 and ERBB2 testing in breast, gastric, lung, and other cancers, including IHC, ISH, mutations, targeted therapy, and result interpretation.

HER2, also called ERBB2, can be tested as a protein, a gene copy-number change, or an activating gene mutation. These are related but distinct...

Hereditary Cancer Genetic Panel Test: Cancer Risk Genes and Results

Learn how hereditary cancer genetic panels test multiple risk genes, who should be tested, what positive, negative, and VUS results mean, and how findings guide care.

A hereditary cancer genetic panel examines multiple genes for inherited variants that raise the risk of certain cancers. It is performed on blood, saliva,...

IDH1 and IDH2 Mutation Test: Brain Cancer, Leukemia, Cholangiocarcinoma, and Results

Learn how IDH1 and IDH2 mutation testing guides diagnosis and treatment in glioma, AML, and cholangiocarcinoma, including positive, negative, and targeted therapy results.

IDH1 and IDH2 mutation testing looks for cancer-driving changes in isocitrate dehydrogenase enzymes. These mutations produce the abnormal metabolite D-2-hydroxyglutarate, which changes DNA and...

JAK2 Mutation Test: Myeloproliferative Neoplasm, Blood Cancer, and Results

Learn how JAK2 mutation testing supports diagnosis of polycythemia vera, essential thrombocythemia, and myelofibrosis and how positive, negative, and low-level results are interpreted.

A JAK2 mutation test looks for acquired changes that keep blood-forming cells switched on when they should respond only to normal growth signals. The...

KIT Mutation Test: GIST, Melanoma, Mast Cell Disease, and Results

Learn how KIT mutation testing guides GIST therapy, identifies selected melanoma targets, supports systemic mastocytosis diagnosis, and clarifies positive, negative, and low-level results.

A KIT mutation test looks for acquired changes in a receptor that controls cell growth and survival. The result has very different meanings across...

KRAS Mutation Test: Colon, Lung, Pancreatic Cancer, and Results

Learn how KRAS mutation testing guides treatment in colorectal, lung, and pancreatic cancer and how to interpret G12C, other variants, negative results, and repeat testing.

A KRAS mutation test identifies acquired changes in one of the most common cancer-driving genes. Its clinical meaning depends strongly on the tumor type...

Liquid Biopsy Cancer Test: ctDNA, Tumor Mutations, and Results

Learn how liquid biopsy and ctDNA testing find tumor mutations, guide targeted therapy, assess resistance and MRD, and why negative or low-level plasma results need careful interpretation.

A liquid biopsy cancer test analyzes tumor-related material in blood or another body fluid, most often fragments of circulating tumor DNA, or ctDNA, in...

Lynch Syndrome Genetic Test: MLH1, MSH2, MSH6, PMS2, EPCAM, and Results

Learn how Lynch syndrome testing for MLH1, MSH2, MSH6, PMS2, and EPCAM works, how tumor screening differs from germline testing, and what positive, negative, and uncertain results mean.

A Lynch syndrome genetic test looks for inherited pathogenic variants in MLH1, MSH2, MSH6, PMS2, or EPCAM that impair DNA mismatch repair and increase...

MEN1 Genetic Test: Multiple Endocrine Neoplasia Type 1 and Results

Learn how MEN1 genetic testing confirms multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1, who should be tested, what positive and negative results mean, and how surveillance protects patients and relatives.

A MEN1 genetic test looks for an inherited pathogenic variant that causes multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1, a syndrome marked mainly by parathyroid tumors,...

MET Exon 14 Skipping Test: Lung Cancer, Targeted Therapy, and Results

Learn how MET exon 14 skipping testing finds an actionable lung cancer driver, why DNA and RNA methods differ, and how positive, negative, plasma, treatment, and resistance results are interpreted.

A MET exon 14 skipping test identifies DNA or RNA changes that remove exon 14 from the MET messenger RNA and keep the MET...

Microsatellite Instability (MSI) and Mismatch Repair Deficiency (dMMR) Test: Cancer Immunotherapy, Lynch Syndrome, and Results

Learn how MSI and dMMR testing guides cancer immunotherapy and Lynch syndrome evaluation, including IHC patterns, PCR, NGS, reflex testing, and discordant results.

Microsatellite instability and mismatch repair testing evaluate whether a tumor has lost an important DNA error-correction system. Mismatch repair deficiency (dMMR) is usually measured...