Introduction
Cranial Nerve VI Palsy, also known as abducens nerve palsy, is a neurological condition caused by dysfunction of the sixth cranial nerve. This nerve controls the lateral rectus muscle, which moves the eye outwards. When the sixth cranial nerve...
Introduction
Cranial Nerve IV Palsy, also known as trochlear nerve palsy, is a neurological disorder that affects the fourth cranial nerve, which controls the superior oblique muscle of the eye. This muscle is essential for eye movement, particularly downward and...
Introduction
Cranial Nerve III Palsy, also known as oculomotor nerve palsy, is a neurological condition affecting the third cranial nerve, which controls the majority of the eye's movements, eyelid lifting, and pupil constrictions. Damage or dysfunction in this nerve can...
Introduction to Cortical Visual Impairment
Cortical Visual Impairment (CVI) is a type of vision impairment caused by damage to the brain's visual processing areas rather than problems with the eyes. This condition is frequently seen in children, especially those who...
What is Cortical Cataract?
A cortical cataract is a type of cataract that affects the lens of the eye, causing vision impairment. This condition is distinguished by the appearance of opaque, white opacities or cloudy areas in the lens cortex,...
Overview of Corneal Ulcers
A corneal ulcer is a painful, open sore on the cornea, the transparent, dome-shaped surface that covers the front of the eye. This is a serious ocular emergency that, if not treated promptly, can cause significant...
What is Corneal Neovascularization?
Corneal neovascularization is a pathological condition characterized by the formation of new blood vessels within the normally avascular cornea. This condition can be caused by a variety of factors, including chronic inflammation, infection, hypoxia (low oxygen...
Introduction to Corneal Mucous Plaques
Corneal mucous plaques are a rare but significant ocular condition in which mucoid material accumulates on the corneal surface. These plaques are made up of mucus, inflammatory cells, and other debris that adhere to the...
Introduction to Corneal Laceration
A corneal laceration is a serious ocular injury caused by a cut or tear in the cornea, the clear, dome-shaped surface that protects the front of the eye. This condition can result from trauma caused by...
Introduction to Corneal Graft Rejection
Corneal graft rejection is a serious complication that can develop following a corneal transplant, also known as keratoplasty. This condition occurs when the recipient's immune system recognizes the transplanted corneal tissue as foreign and launches...
Introduction to Corneal Foreign Bodies
A corneal foreign body is any object or material that becomes lodged in the cornea, the clear front part of the eye. This condition is common, particularly in environments with a high concentration of airborne...
What is Corneal Edema?
Corneal edema is characterized by swelling of the cornea, which is the clear, dome-shaped surface that covers the front of the eye. This swelling occurs when fluid accumulates in the corneal layers, resulting in a thickened,...
What is Corneal Ectasia?
Corneal ectasia is a progressive eye disorder characterized by thinning and bulging of the cornea, the clear, dome-shaped surface that covers the front of the eyeball. This condition causes distorted vision and can significantly reduce a...
Introduction to Corneal Dystrophies
Corneal dystrophies are a group of genetic, often progressive, eye disorders distinguished by the accumulation of abnormal material in the cornea, the clear, front layer of the eyeball. These conditions commonly affect both eyes and are...
What is Corneal Degenerations?
Corneal degenerations refer to a group of ocular disorders characterized by progressive changes and deterioration of the corneal tissue. These conditions can lead to significant visual impairment and discomfort. Unlike corneal dystrophies, which are typically hereditary...
What is Corneal Abrasion?
Corneal abrasion is a common ocular condition caused by a scratch or injury to the cornea, the eye's transparent front layer. This condition can be caused by a variety of factors, including trauma, foreign bodies, improper...
What is Convergence Insufficiency?
Convergence insufficiency is a common binocular vision disorder in which the eyes struggle to work together while focusing on a nearby object. This condition can cause severe visual discomfort and impair the ability to perform tasks...
Introduction to Convergence Excess
Convergence excess is a binocular vision disorder in which the eyes over-converge, or turn inward, when focusing on nearby objects. This condition can cause symptoms such as eye strain, headaches, double vision, and difficulty reading or...
What is Conjunctivochalasis?
Conjunctivochalasis is an ocular condition marked by the presence of redundant, loose folds of conjunctival tissue, usually located between the globe of the eye and the lower eyelid. This condition can be extremely uncomfortable, with symptoms such...
What is Conjunctivitis?
Conjunctivitis, also known as pink eye, is an inflammation or infection of the conjunctiva, the clear membrane that lines your eyelid and protects the white part of your eyeball. When small blood vessels in the conjunctiva become...
What Is Conjunctival Squamous Cell Carcinoma?
Conjunctival squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) is a type of eye cancer caused by squamous epithelial cells in the conjunctiva, a thin membrane covering the white part of the eye and the inner surface of...
What is Conjunctival Laceration?
A conjunctival laceration is a tear or cut in the conjunctiva, a clear, thin membrane that protects the white part of the eye (sclera) and the inside of the eyelids. This condition can develop as a...
Congenital Retinal Dystrophies Basics
Congenital retinal dystrophies are a group of inherited disorders that affect the retina, the light-sensitive layer at the back of the eye, beginning at birth. These conditions are distinguished by progressive degeneration of retinal cells, which...
Introduction to Congenital Ptosis
Congenital ptosis, an ocular condition marked by drooping of the upper eyelid at birth, has serious consequences for visual development and ocular health. This condition ranges in severity from mild drooping to complete pupil coverage, which...
What is Congenital Glaucoma?
Congenital glaucoma, also known as primary congenital glaucoma (PCG), is a rare but severe eye disease that affects infants and young children. This disorder is distinguished by abnormal development of the eye's drainage system, which results...
Introduction
Congenital Fibrosis of the Extraocular Muscles (CFEOM) is a rare genetic disorder characterized by fibrosis and abnormal development of the extraocular muscles responsible for eye movement. This condition causes restricted eye movements and strabismus (eye misalignment), which leads to...
What is Congenital Cataract?
Congenital cataracts are cloudings of the eye's lens that occur at birth or develop during infancy. This condition can range in severity, potentially resulting in significant vision impairment or blindness if not treated. Congenital cataracts can...
What is Compressive Optic Neuropathy?
Compressive optic neuropathy is a serious ocular condition in which external pressure causes damage to the optic nerve. This pressure can be caused by a variety of factors, including tumors, cysts, or vascular anomalies, which...
What is Commotio Retinae (Berlin's Edema)?
Commotio retinae, also known as Berlin's edema, is a condition affecting the retina caused by blunt trauma to the eye. This condition is distinguished by a temporary whitening or opacification of the retina, especially...
Introduction
Combined Hamartoma of the Retina and Retinal Pigment Epithelium (CHRRPE) is a rare, benign ocular condition marked by abnormal proliferation of retinal and retinal pigment epithelial cells. This congenital anomaly typically manifests as a grayish or pigmented lesion on...
