Tardive dyskinesia (TD) is a neurological disorder characterized by involuntary, repetitive movements, which frequently affect the face, tongue, and extremities. It is typically a side effect of long-term use of antipsychotic medications, particularly those used to treat schizophrenia, bipolar...
What is Tardive Akathisia?
Tardive akathisia is a movement disorder characterized by an overwhelming need to move, which can manifest as restlessness, pacing, or an inability to remain still. It is a type of tardive dyskinesia, which is caused by...
What is Suicidal Behavioral Disorder?
Suicidal Behavior Disorder (SBD) is a mental health condition in which people engage in or have persistent thoughts about attempting suicide. SBD, which is recognized in the DSM-5 as a condition that requires further investigation,...
What is Stereotypical Movement Disorder?
Stereotypic Movement Disorder (SMD) is a neurodevelopmental condition marked by repetitive, meaningless motor movements or behaviors. These repetitive behaviors, known as stereotypies, can include hand-flapping, head-banging, body-rocking, or repetitive vocalizations. While these movements are frequently...
Specific Learning Disorder (SLD) is a neurodevelopmental condition that impairs an individual's ability to acquire, process, and apply specific academic skills, such as reading (dyslexia), writing (dysgraphia), and math (dyscalculia). SLD differs from general intellectual disability in that it...
Somatoform Disorders are a type of psychiatric condition in which a person exhibits physical symptoms that suggest a medical condition but no clear physical cause can be identified. These disorders are distinguished by significant distress, dysfunction, and an overemphasis...
What is somatic symptom disorder?
Somatic Symptom Disorder (SSD) is a complex psychological condition in which a person experiences severe physical symptoms that cannot be fully explained by any underlying medical condition. These symptoms, which may include pain, fatigue, and...
What is Social Anxiety Disorder (SA)?
Social Anxiety Disorder (SAD), also known as Social Phobia, is a common mental health condition characterized by a strong fear of social situations in which individuals may be scrutinized by others. People with SAD...
Social (Pragmatic) Communication Disorder (SPCD) is a neurodevelopmental condition that causes difficulties with verbal and nonverbal communication in social situations. Individuals with SPCD frequently struggle with understanding the nuances of communication, such as using language appropriately in social settings,...
Sleep-wake disorders refer to a variety of conditions that impair an individual's ability to fall asleep, stay asleep, or maintain a consistent sleep-wake cycle. These disorders can have a significant impact on both physical and mental health, including daily...
What is shared psychotic disorder?
Shared Psychotic Disorder, also known as Folie à Deux, is a rare psychiatric condition in which one individual (the primary person, also known as the "inducer") transmits a delusional belief to another close individual (the...
What is Shared Delusional Disorder (SD)?
Shared Delusional Disorder (SDD), also known as Folie à Deux, is a rare psychiatric condition in which delusions are shared by two or more people, usually from close relationships like family or partners. In...
What is Sexual Sadism Disorder?
Sexual Sadism Disorder is a psychiatric condition characterized by recurrent and intense sexual arousal that causes physical or psychological harm to others, usually without their consent. In contrast to consensual sadomasochistic activities that occur within...
What is Sexual Masochistic Disorder?
Sexual Masochism Disorder is a type of paraphilia in which sexual gratification stems from pain, humiliation, or suffering. While consensual acts of mild masochism can be part of a healthy adult relationship, Sexual Masochism Disorder...
What is sexual dysfunction?
Sexual dysfunction encompasses a variety of issues that prevent people from finding satisfaction during sexual activity. These issues can affect desire, arousal, orgasm, and physical performance in both men and women. Common sexual dysfunctions include erectile...
Severe Mental Illness (SMI) refers to mental health disorders that significantly impair an individual's ability to perform daily activities and function independently. These conditions frequently necessitate long-term care and comprehensive treatment plans, and can present significant challenges in personal...
What is Separation Anxiety Disorder?
Separation Anxiety Disorder (SAD) is a psychological condition marked by intense fear or anxiety about being separated from loved ones or attachment figures. While it is normal for young children to experience separation anxiety, especially...
Nonsuicidal Self-Injury (NSSI), also known as self-harm, is a psychological behavior defined by intentional, direct injury to one's body without suicidal intent. People who self-harm often do so to cope with overwhelming emotions, psychological distress, or a sense of...
Selective Mutism (SM) is a complex childhood anxiety disorder characterized by an inability to speak in social situations where speech is expected, such as school, despite being able to speak freely in other settings, such as at home. It...
What is Seasonal Affective Disorder (SA)?
Seasonal Affective Disorder (SAD) is a type of depression that occurs in a predictable pattern, most notably during the fall and winter months when daylight hours are reduced. This condition is frequently associated with...
What is schizotypal personality disorder?
Schizotypal Personality Disorder (STPD) is a chronic mental health condition characterized by persistent patterns of social and interpersonal deficits, including discomfort with close relationships, distorted thinking, and eccentric behavior. Individuals with STPD frequently exhibit unusual...
What is schizophrenia?
Schizophrenia is a chronic and severe mental health disorder that alters a person's thoughts, feelings, and behaviors. People with schizophrenia frequently appear disconnected from reality, which can cause significant distress for both the individual and those around...
Schizoid Personality Disorder (SPD) is a chronic mental health condition marked by a consistent pattern of social withdrawal and a limited range of emotional expression. Individuals with SPD prefer solitary activities, exhibit emotional coldness, and rarely seek close relationships...
What is schizoaffective disorder?
Schizoaffective disorder is a complex mental health condition that combines schizophrenia symptoms, such as hallucinations or delusions, with mood disorder symptoms, such as mania or depression. This hybrid nature makes it a particularly difficult disorder to...
What is Rumination Disorder?
Rumination disorder is a rare but serious gastrointestinal and behavioral condition in which people regurgitate food after eating, re-chew it, and frequently swallow or spit it out. Unlike vomiting, this regurgitation is usually painless and occurs...
What is Rett's Syndrome?
Rett syndrome is a rare and severe neurological disorder that primarily affects females and is caused by mutations in the MECP2 gene on the X chromosome. This condition causes severe cognitive and physical impairments, with symptoms...
Restless Legs Syndrome (RLS), also known as Willis-Ekbom disease, is a neurological condition that causes uncomfortable sensations in the legs, which are frequently accompanied by an overwhelming desire to move them. These sensations usually occur during periods of rest...
What is residual schizophrenia?
Residual schizophrenia is a chronic subtype of schizophrenia that is distinguished by the persistence of less severe symptoms after an acute phase of the illness. Unlike more active forms of schizophrenia, which may cause prominent hallucinations...
What is REM Sleep Behavioral Disorder?
REM Sleep Behavior Disorder (RBD) is a neurological condition in which people physically act out their vivid dreams during the rapid eye movement (REM) stage of sleep. Typically, during REM sleep, the body is...
Relationship distress with a spouse or intimate partner is a common problem affecting millions of couples worldwide. It includes a variety of emotional, psychological, and sometimes physical challenges that can strain the bond between partners. At its core, relationship...
