Multiple Myeloma Test Panel: M Protein, Free Light Chains, Immunofixation, and Staging
A multiple myeloma test panel combines several blood, urine, bone marrow, and imaging studies because no single test can diagnose or stage myeloma reliably....
MYC Rearrangement Test: Burkitt Lymphoma, Double-Hit Lymphoma, and High-Grade Disease
A MYC rearrangement test looks for a structural chromosome change that places the MYC gene under abnormal regulatory control, driving rapid cell growth. In...
MYD88 L265P Mutation Test: Waldenstrom Macroglobulinemia, Lymphoplasmacytic Lymphoma, and Mutation Meaning
A MYD88 L265P mutation test looks for a specific acquired change in the MYD88 gene that is strongly associated with lymphoplasmacytic lymphoma (LPL) and...
Myelodysplastic Syndrome (MDS) Mutation Panel: Risk Genes, Prognosis, and Molecular Profile
A myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) mutation panel looks for acquired gene changes in blood-forming cells that can help define a myeloid clone, refine an MDS...
Myeloproliferative Neoplasm Panel: JAK2, CALR, MPL, and Molecular Diagnosis
A myeloproliferative neoplasm (MPN) panel tests for acquired gene mutations that drive abnormal blood-cell production, most importantly JAK2, CALR, and MPL. These mutations are...
NPM1 Mutation Test: AML Prognosis, MRD, Mutation Status, and Result Meaning
An NPM1 mutation test looks for acquired changes in the NPM1 gene that are especially important in acute myeloid leukemia (AML). NPM1-mutated AML is...
PML-RARA Fusion Test: Acute Promyelocytic Leukemia, Gene Fusion, and MRD Monitoring
A PML-RARA fusion test looks for the defining genetic abnormality of acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL). In most APL, parts of the PML gene on...
RUNX1 Mutation Test: AML, Myelodysplastic Syndrome Risk, and Mutation Meaning
A RUNX1 mutation test looks for changes in the RUNX1 gene, a major regulator of blood-cell development. Acquired RUNX1 mutations occur in a subset...
Serum Free Light Chain Test: Kappa, Lambda, Ratio, Myeloma, and Plasma Cell Disorders
A serum free light chain test measures free kappa (κ) and free lambda (λ) immunoglobulin light chains in the blood and calculates the kappa-to-lambda...
Serum Immunofixation Test: Monoclonal Protein Type, Myeloma, and Plasma Cell Disorders
A serum immunofixation test looks for an abnormal monoclonal immunoglobulin in blood and identifies what type it is. The result can help confirm that...
Serum Protein Electrophoresis (SPEP) Test: M Protein, Myeloma, and Monoclonal Gammopathy
Serum protein electrophoresis, or SPEP, separates proteins in blood into recognizable fractions and can reveal a monoclonal protein, often called an M protein, M...
SOX11 Test: Mantle Cell Lymphoma Marker, Positive Staining, and Diagnostic Meaning
A SOX11 test is mainly a pathology test used to help identify and classify mantle cell lymphoma (MCL). SOX11 is a transcription factor that...
TET2 Mutation Test: Blood Cancer, Clonal Hematopoiesis, Myeloid Neoplasms, and Mutation Meaning
A TET2 mutation test looks for acquired changes in the TET2 gene in blood or bone marrow cells. TET2 helps regulate DNA methylation and...
TP53 Mutation Test for Blood Cancer: High-Risk Leukemia, Mutation Status, and Prognosis
A TP53 mutation test looks for changes in one of the body's most important tumor-suppressor genes. In blood cancers, TP53 abnormalities are especially important...
TP53 Test for CLL: del17p, TP53 Mutation, Treatment Risk, and Prognosis
TP53 testing is one of the most important genetic evaluations in chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) because TP53 disruption can change which treatments are expected...
Urine Protein Electrophoresis (UPEP) Test: Bence Jones Protein, Myeloma Monitoring, and Meaning
Urine protein electrophoresis, or UPEP, separates proteins in urine and can detect and measure monoclonal free light chains, historically called Bence Jones proteins. These...
AFP-L3 Test: Liver Cancer Risk, AFP Fraction, HCC Monitoring, and Result Meaning
The AFP-L3 test measures a specific form of alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) that is more closely associated with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), the most common primary liver...
BRAF V600E Test for Colon Cancer: Mutation Status, Prognosis, and Lynch Syndrome Workup
The BRAF V600E test looks for a specific activating mutation in the BRAF gene that is clinically important in colorectal cancer. In metastatic disease,...
BRCA1 and BRCA2 Test for Pancreatic Cancer: Hereditary Risk, DNA Repair, and Variant Meaning
BRCA1 and BRCA2 testing in pancreatic cancer looks for changes in DNA-repair genes that can matter for both inherited cancer risk and treatment selection....
CA 19-9 Test for Pancreatic Cancer: High Levels, Monitoring, and Bile Duct Causes
CA 19-9 is the blood tumor marker used most often in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma, but its biggest value is monitoring a known cancer, not...