Urine Sodium Test: High, Low, Kidney Function, Hydration, and Volume Status
A urine sodium test measures the amount or concentration of sodium your kidneys are excreting. It is commonly used to help evaluate low blood...
Urine Specific Gravity Test: Hydration, Kidney Concentration, and Urine Dilution
Urine specific gravity estimates how concentrated or dilute a urine sample is compared with pure water. It is a quick way to assess how...
Urine Sulfate Test: Acid Load, Diet, Kidney Stones, and Urine Chemistry
A urine sulfate test measures how much sulfate is excreted in urine, usually over 24 hours. It is most often used as part of...
Urine Urea Nitrogen Test: Protein Intake, Kidney Function, and Nitrogen Balance
A urine urea nitrogen test measures the amount of nitrogen excreted in urine as urea, usually over 24 hours. Urea is the main nitrogen-containing...
Urine Uric Acid Test: High Levels, Gout, Kidney Stones, and Uric Acid Handling
A urine uric acid test measures how much uric acid leaves the body in urine, most often during a 24-hour collection. Uric acid is...
24-Hour Urine Albumin Test: Albuminuria, Kidney Disease, and Collection Meaning
A 24-hour urine albumin test measures how much albumin leaves the body in urine over a full day. Albumin is a blood protein that...
24-Hour Urine Protein Test: Proteinuria, Kidney Damage, Collection, and Results
A 24-hour urine protein test measures the total amount of protein lost in urine during one complete day. Healthy kidneys keep most blood proteins...
Albuminuria Test: Normal, Moderately Increased, Severely Increased, and Kidney Risk
An albuminuria test checks whether albumin, a major blood protein, is leaking into urine. Persistent albuminuria is one of the most important markers of...
Alpha-1 Microglobulin Urine Test: Tubular Proteinuria and Kidney Tubule Injury
An alpha-1 microglobulin urine test measures a low-molecular-weight protein that can reveal problems with the kidney’s proximal tubules. Alpha-1 microglobulin is small enough to...
Bence Jones Protein Urine Test: Light Chains, Multiple Myeloma, and Kidney Risk
A Bence Jones protein urine test looks for monoclonal immunoglobulin free light chains—either kappa or lambda—that are produced by an abnormal clone of plasma...
Beta-2 Microglobulin Urine Test: Kidney Tubule Damage and Tubular Proteinuria
A beta-2 microglobulin urine test is a specialized marker of proximal kidney tubule function. Beta-2 microglobulin is a small protein released from the surface...
Diabetic Kidney Disease Urine Test Panel: uACR, Protein, Creatinine, and Albuminuria
A diabetic kidney disease urine evaluation centers on the urine albumin-to-creatinine ratio (uACR), which detects albumin leakage and corrects the result for urine concentration....
Microalbumin-Creatinine Ratio Test: Early Kidney Disease, Diabetes, and High Blood Pressure
A microalbumin-creatinine ratio test measures a small amount of albumin in urine and compares it with urine creatinine. The modern name is urine albumin-to-creatinine...
Nephrotic Syndrome Urine Test Panel: Protein, Albumin, Casts, and Kidney Findings
A nephrotic syndrome urine evaluation looks for very heavy protein loss and for urine findings that support a glomerular kidney disorder. The key measurement...
Nephrotic-Range Proteinuria Test: Very High Urine Protein and Nephrotic Syndrome
Nephrotic-range proteinuria means the kidneys are losing a very large amount of protein into the urine. In adults, this generally means more than about...
Orthostatic Proteinuria Test: Standing Protein Levels, Benign Proteinuria, and Diagnosis
Orthostatic proteinuria is a pattern in which urine protein rises while a person is upright during the day but returns to normal after lying...