Constrictive pericarditis: Treatment Options, Diuretics, Anti-Inflammatories, and Next Steps
Constrictive pericarditis is a condition where the pericardium—the thin sac around the heart—becomes thickened, scarred, and sometimes calcified. Instead of stretching smoothly as the...
Coronary artery aneurysm: Symptoms, Causes, Diagnosis, and Treatment Options
A coronary artery aneurysm is an abnormal “ballooning” of a section of a heart artery. It is not the same as a blockage, but...
Coronary artery disease Causes, Risk Factors, Symptoms, Diagnosis, and Management.
Coronary artery disease (CAD) is a slow, often silent process in which the arteries that feed the heart muscle become narrowed or unstable because...
Coronary artery dissection, Causes, Symptoms, Diagnosis, Treatment, and Recovery Guide
A coronary artery dissection happens when layers of a heart artery separate, creating a false channel within the vessel wall. Blood can track into...
Coronary artery ectasia: Risk Factors, Complications, and Long-Term Management
Coronary artery ectasia (CAE) is an abnormal widening of one or more coronary arteries—the vessels that supply oxygen-rich blood to the heart muscle. Many...
Coronary artery embolism, Symptoms, Causes, Diagnosis, and Modern Treatment Options
A coronary artery embolism happens when material traveling in the bloodstream suddenly lodges inside a coronary artery and blocks blood flow to heart muscle....
Coronary artery fistula: Overview, Symptoms, Diagnosis, and Treatment Options
A coronary artery fistula is an unusual “shortcut” blood vessel that lets blood flow from a coronary artery into a heart chamber or nearby...
Coronary artery spasm: Causes, Triggers, Risk Factors, and Prevention
Coronary artery spasm is a sudden tightening of a coronary artery that briefly narrows the vessel and reduces blood flow to the heart muscle....
Coronary Embolism: Symptoms, Risk Factors, Atrial Fibrillation Links, and Prevention
Coronary embolism happens when material traveling in the bloodstream suddenly blocks a coronary artery and starves part of the heart muscle of oxygen. The...
Coronary microvascular disease: Causes, Risk Factors, and Microvascular Angina
Coronary microvascular disease (sometimes called coronary microvascular dysfunction) is a problem of the heart’s smallest blood vessels—arterioles and capillaries that cannot be seen well...
Coronary occlusion: Overview, Causes, Symptoms, Diagnosis, and Treatment
A coronary occlusion means a coronary artery has become blocked enough to stop—or nearly stop—blood flow to part of the heart muscle. When the...
Coronary steal phenomenon: Overview, Causes, Symptoms, and Diagnosis
The coronary steal phenomenon describes a situation where blood flow is diverted away from a part of the heart muscle that already has limited...
Coronary steal syndrome: Risk Factors, Complications, and Red-Flag Symptoms
Coronary steal syndrome is a situation where part of the heart becomes under-supplied with blood because flow is “pulled” toward an easier pathway. The...
Coronary thrombosis: Overview, Causes, Symptoms, and Emergency Warning Signs
Coronary thrombosis is the formation of a blood clot inside a coronary artery—the vessels that feed the heart muscle. When the clot grows quickly,...
Coronary vasospasm: Symptoms, Triggers, Diagnosis, and Treatment Options
Coronary vasospasm is a sudden, temporary tightening of a heart artery. When that artery narrows, the heart muscle may not get enough oxygen-rich blood,...
Coxsackie myocarditis: Causes, Risk Factors, and How the Virus Affects the Heart
Coxsackie myocarditis is a form of myocarditis—inflammation of the heart muscle—triggered by Coxsackie viruses, most often Coxsackie B. Many people first feel it like...