TP53 Genetic Test: Li-Fraumeni Syndrome, Cancer Risk, and Results
A TP53 genetic test looks for an inherited pathogenic variant associated with Li-Fraumeni syndrome and related heritable TP53 cancer-predisposition syndromes. TP53 is a major...
Tumor Molecular Profiling Test: Cancer Mutations, Treatment Targets, and Results
Tumor molecular profiling is an umbrella term for laboratory tests that characterize the biological changes driving a cancer. A profile may combine DNA sequencing,...
Tumor Mutational Burden (TMB) Test: Cancer Immunotherapy Marker and Results
A tumor mutational burden test estimates how many acquired DNA mutations are present per megabase of analyzed tumor sequence. The result is usually reported...
VHL Genetic Test: von Hippel-Lindau Syndrome, Cancer Risk, and Results
A VHL genetic test looks for an inherited pathogenic variant that causes von Hippel-Lindau syndrome, a lifelong tumor-predisposition condition. Carriers can develop retinal and...
WT1 Genetic Test: Wilms Tumor, Kidney Cancer Risk, and Results
A WT1 genetic test looks for an inherited or de novo pathogenic variant that can cause WT1 disorder, a spectrum involving Wilms tumor, progressive...
Acetaminophen Blood Test: Toxic Level, Overdose, Liver Damage Risk, Treatment Monitoring, and Results
An acetaminophen blood test measures how much acetaminophen, also called paracetamol or APAP, is in the bloodstream. It is most often used after a...
Acetaminophen Level and Liver Enzymes: Interpreting Overdose Risk
Acetaminophen is widely used for pain and fever, but too much can injure the liver before a person feels seriously ill. Blood testing is...
Aluminum Blood Test: High Aluminum, Normal Range, Toxicity, Exposure Sources, and Results
An aluminum blood test measures the amount of aluminum circulating in the blood, usually in serum or plasma. Doctors use it most often when...
Antimony Blood Test: High Antimony, Exposure, Toxicity, Normal Range, and Results
An antimony blood test checks for antimony, a naturally occurring metalloid that can enter the body through industrial dust, contaminated materials, certain products, some...
Arsenic Blood Test: High Arsenic, Normal Range, Poisoning, Toxicity, and Results
An arsenic blood test measures the amount of arsenic circulating in the blood at the time the sample is taken. It can help when...
Arsenic Blood Test vs Urine Test: Which Exposure Test Is Used?
Arsenic testing is usually done with urine, not blood, when the purpose is to check recent exposure. A blood arsenic test can help in...
Beryllium Blood Test: High Beryllium, Exposure, Toxicity, Normal Range, and Results
A beryllium blood test is used when beryllium exposure is possible, usually through work with beryllium metal, beryllium alloys, ceramics, electronics, aerospace parts, dental...
Bismuth Blood Test: High Bismuth, Exposure, Toxicity, Normal Range, and Results
A bismuth blood test measures the amount of bismuth in your bloodstream after possible exposure to bismuth-containing medicines, industrial materials, or other uncommon sources....
Blood Alcohol, Methanol, and Ethylene Glycol: Interpreting Toxic Alcohol Panels
Blood alcohol and toxic alcohol panels help identify alcohols that can cause intoxication, acidosis, organ injury, or death. The word “alcohol” can be misleading...
Blood Drug Screen Test: Common Drugs, Positive Results, Detection Window, and Meaning
A blood drug screen test looks for selected drugs, medications, alcohol, or drug metabolites in a blood sample. It is most useful when the...
Blood Lead and Hemoglobin: Interpreting Anemia and Lead Exposure
Blood lead and hemoglobin answer two different questions, but they often belong in the same conversation. A blood lead test shows how much lead...
Blood Lead Test: High Lead Level, Normal Range, Lead Poisoning, Toxicity, and Results
A blood lead test measures how much lead is circulating in the blood at the time of testing. It is the main test used...
Cadmium and Kidney Markers: Interpreting Heavy Metal Kidney Risk
Cadmium is a toxic metal that can build up slowly in the body, especially in the kidneys. Unlike a sudden poisoning event, cadmium-related kidney...
Cadmium Blood Test: High Cadmium, Normal Range, Exposure, Toxicity, and Results
A cadmium blood test measures the amount of cadmium in your blood, usually to check for recent or ongoing exposure to this toxic metal....
Carbamazepine Blood Test: Therapeutic Range, Toxic Level, Seizure Medication Monitoring, and Results
A carbamazepine blood test measures how much carbamazepine is in the bloodstream. Carbamazepine is a seizure medicine also used for trigeminal neuralgia and some...