Scleromalacia perforans is a severe, progressive form of scleritis that causes thinning and degeneration of the sclera, the white outer layer of the eye, with no significant inflammation. This condition is frequently associated with autoimmune diseases, specifically rheumatoid arthritis....
What is scleritis?
Scleritis is a severe inflammatory disease of the sclera, the white outer layer of the eye. This condition is characterized by severe pain, redness, and tenderness in the eye, and if not treated properly, it can cause...
Scleral staphyloma is a serious ocular condition marked by an outpouching or bulging of the weakened sclera, the white outer layer of the eye, which is frequently accompanied by thinning and degeneration of the underlying uveal tissue. This condition...
Scleral melanocytosis is a benign ocular condition characterized by abnormal proliferation of melanocytes, or pigment-producing cells, within the sclera, the eye's white outer layer. This results in gray or blue-gray patches on the sclera. The condition is usually congenital,...
Scleral icterus is a medical condition in which the sclera, or white part of the eye, yellows as a result of elevated bilirubin levels in the blood. This yellow discoloration occurs when bilirubin, a byproduct of red blood cell...
Scleral ectasia is a rare, progressive ocular condition that causes the sclera, the eye's white outer layer, to thin and bulge. This condition can cause significant visual impairment and discomfort. The sclera supports and protects the eye, and any...
Sarcoidosis is a multi-system inflammatory disease characterized by the formation of granulomas, or immune cell clusters, in various organs. It can affect any part of the body, but it is most commonly seen in the lungs, lymph nodes, skin,...
What is retinoschisis?
Retinoschisis is an eye condition characterized by the splitting of retinal layers, which causes vision impairment. The term "retinoschisis" comes from Greek, which means "splitting of the retina." This condition can be either congenital (juvenile retinoschisis) or...
Retinopathy of Prematurity (ROP) is a potentially blinding eye disorder that mostly affects premature infants with low birth weights. This condition develops when abnormal blood vessels grow and spread throughout the retina, the light-sensitive tissue that lines the back...
Retinoblastoma is a rare, malignant tumor of the retina that primarily affects young children under the age of five. It develops from retinal cells, which are expected to mature into light-sensing cells. This cancer, which is known to develop...
What is retinitis?
Retinitis is a group of inflammatory diseases that affect the retina, which is the light-sensitive layer of tissue in the back of the eye that converts light into neural signals. These conditions can cause visual impairment and,...
What is retinitis pigmentosa?
Retinitis Pigmentosa (RP) is a group of inherited retinal disorders characterized by progressive degeneration of photoreceptor cells in the retina, which results in vision loss. The retina is a light-sensitive layer of tissue in the back...
What is retinal vein occlusion?
Retinal vein occlusion (RVO) is a common vascular disorder of the retina that causes sudden and severe vision loss. It happens when one of the veins that transport blood away from the retina becomes clogged,...
Retinal telangiectasia, also known as macular telangiectasia (MacTel), is a rare, progressive eye condition characterized by abnormal dilation and twisting of blood vessels in the retina, particularly in the macula, the central part of the retina responsible for sharp,...
What is Retinal Hemangioblastoma?
Retinal hemangioblastoma is a rare, benign vascular tumor of the retina that is frequently associated with von Hippel-Lindau (VHL) disease, a genetic condition that predisposes people to a variety of tumors and cysts throughout their bodies....
Retinal detachment is a serious ocular condition in which the retina, the light-sensitive layer of tissue in the back of the eye, separates from the supporting tissue. If not treated promptly, this separation can cause vision loss. The retina...
What is a Retinal Astrocytic Hamartoma?
Retinal astrocytic hamartoma is a rare, benign ocular tumor that develops from the retina's supporting glial cells (astrocytes). These tumors are commonly associated with genetic conditions such as tuberous sclerosis complex (TSC) and neurofibromatosis...
Retinal artery occlusion (RAO) is a serious ocular condition defined by a sudden blockage of blood flow in one of the arteries that supply the retina, the light-sensitive layer at the back of the eye. This blockage can cause...
Recurrent corneal erosion (RCE) is an ocular condition in which the corneal epithelium, the cornea's outermost layer, breaks down or sloughs off repeatedly. This condition causes severe eye pain, redness, tearing, and light sensitivity, which have a significant impact...
What is a Radiation Cataract?
Radiation cataract is a type of cataract caused by exposure to ionizing radiation, which can come from a variety of sources, including medical treatments (radiotherapy), occupational exposure, or environmental radiation. A cataract is a clouding...
Purtscher's retinopathy is a rare but serious condition affecting the retina, the light-sensitive layer in the back of the eye. It is defined by sudden vision loss following trauma, particularly head or chest injuries, but it can also be...
Punctate Inner Choroidopathy (PIC) is a rare inflammatory eye condition that affects mostly young, myopic (nearsighted) women. These small, yellow-white lesions in the inner choroid can cause significant visual disturbances if not treated. The choroid is a vascular layer...
What is Punctal Stenosis?
Punctal stenosis is an ocular condition defined by the narrowing or complete blockage of the lacrimal puncta, which are small openings on the eyelid margins near the nose that allow tears to drain from the eye's...
Ptosis, or blepharoptosis, is a condition in which the upper eyelid droops. This drooping can occur in one or both eyes and can affect people of any age. Ptosis can be congenital (present at birth) or acquired later in...
What is Pterygium?
Pterygium is a benign growth of the conjunctiva, the clear tissue that lines the inside of the eyelids and protects the white part of the eye. This growth spreads to the cornea, the transparent front part of...
Pseudophakia refers to the condition of having an artificial intraocular lens (IOL) implanted in the eye, usually following cataract surgery. Cataracts, a common age-related eye condition, cause clouding of the natural lens, resulting in decreased vision quality. To restore...
What is PseudoPapilledema?
Pseudopapilledema is a condition characterized by the appearance of optic disc swelling that resembles true papilledema but does not cause increased intracranial pressure. Unlike papilledema, which can indicate potentially fatal conditions such as brain tumors or intracranial...
What is Pseudo-exfoliation Glaucoma?
Pseudoexfoliation glaucoma (PXG) is a type of secondary open-angle glaucoma caused by the buildup of pseudoexfoliative material on the lens, iris, and other structures of the eye. This condition is part of a larger syndrome known...
Proliferative vitreoretinopathy (PVR) is a serious complication that can develop after retinal detachment surgery, ocular trauma, or other retinal procedures. It involves the formation of membranes on both surfaces of the retina, which contract and cause the retina to...
What is progressive supranuclear palsy?
Progressive Supranuclear Palsy (PSP) is a rare degenerative neurological disorder that causes gradual deterioration of specific brain regions. PSP primarily impacts movement, balance, vision, speech, and swallowing. Supranuclear ophthalmoplegia, or difficulty controlling eye movements, is...
