Retinal astrocytic hamartoma is a rare, benign retinal tumor that develops from astrocytes, which are a type of glial cell within the retina. These tumors are usually non-cancerous and linked to genetic conditions, particularly tuberous sclerosis complex (TSC) and,...
Retinal artery occlusion (RAO) is a serious and potentially vision-threatening ocular condition that occurs when the blood supply to the retina is suddenly cut off, resulting in ischemia (lack of blood flow) and subsequent damage to retinal tissue. The...
What is recurrent corneal erosion?
Recurrent corneal erosion (RCE) is a painful and often debilitating ocular condition characterized by repeated breakdown or detachment of the corneal epithelium, the cornea's outermost layer. The cornea is the eye's transparent, dome-shaped surface that...
Radiation cataract is a type of cataract caused by exposure to ionizing radiation. Unlike the more common age-related cataracts, which develop gradually as a result of the natural aging process, radiation cataracts are caused by external factors—specifically, exposure to...
Purtscher's Retinopathy is a rare but severe retinal vascular disorder that causes sudden, painless vision loss, usually after trauma, acute pancreatitis, or other systemic conditions. This condition, first described by Dr. Otmar Purtscher in 1910, was initially seen in...
Punctate Inner Choroidopathy (PIC) is a rare inflammatory ocular condition that primarily affects young to middle-aged women, most of whom are myopic (nearsighted). PIC is part of a larger group of conditions known as "white dot syndromes," which are...
Punctal stenosis is defined as the narrowing or complete occlusion of the lacrimal puncta, which are tiny openings on the inner corners of the upper and lower eyelids that drain tears into the tear ducts. This narrowing can cause...
What is ptosis?
Ptosis, also known as blepharoptosis, is a condition defined by abnormal drooping of one or both upper eyelids. This condition can range from minor sagging to complete covering of the pupil, which can obstruct vision. Ptosis can...
Introduction to Pterygium Condition
Pterygium is a harmless growth of the conjunctiva, the transparent tissue that covers the white part of the eye (sclera) and lines the inside of the eyelids. A wing-shaped fibrovascular proliferation that extends onto the cornea,...
What is pseudophakia?
Pseudophakia is the condition of having an artificial intraocular lens (IOL) implanted in the eye following the removal of the natural lens during cataract surgery. The term comes from Greek, where "pseudo" means false and "phakia" refers...
Pseudopapilledema is a condition in which the optic disc appears swollen, similar to true papilledema but without the underlying cause of elevated intracranial pressure (ICP). Pseudopapilledema optic disc swelling is usually benign and caused by congenital or developmental anomalies...
Pseudoexfoliation glaucoma (PXG) is a type of secondary open-angle glaucoma associated with pseudoexfoliation syndrome (PXF or PEX). PXF is a systemic condition characterized by the accumulation of abnormal extracellular fibrillar material in various tissues throughout the body, most notably...
Proliferative vitreoretinopathy (PVR) is a complex and serious ocular condition that typically develops as a result of retinal detachment surgery. Membranes form on both the retina's surfaces and within the vitreous cavity, resulting in retinal traction, distortion, and redetachment....
What is progressive supranuclear palsy?
Progressive supranuclear palsy (PSP) is a rare neurodegenerative disorder characterized by the gradual deterioration of specific brain regions. This condition primarily affects the brainstem, basal ganglia, and frontal lobes, causing significant movement, balance, and cognitive...
Primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG) is the most common type of glaucoma, a group of eye conditions marked by optic nerve damage and elevated intraocular pressure (IOP). This chronic and progressive condition causes gradual vision loss and, if untreated, can...
What is primary intraocular lymphoma?
Primary intraocular lymphoma (PIOL) is a rare, malignant cancer that develops within the eye. It is a subtype of primary central nervous system lymphoma (PCNSL) that usually affects the retina, vitreous, and occasionally the optic...
Primary Congenital Glaucoma (PCG) is a rare but severe type of glaucoma that develops early in life, usually within the first few months or years after birth. This condition is defined by an abnormal development of the eye's drainage...
Primary Acquired Nasolacrimal Duct Obstruction (PANDO) is a common condition that causes a blockage in the nasolacrimal duct, preventing tears from draining normally from the eye into the nasal cavity. This obstruction causes tear overflow (epiphora) and recurring eye...
Presbyopia, a common age-related condition, impairs the eye's ability to focus on nearby objects. It is a natural part of the aging process and usually appears in people in their mid-40s to early 50s. The term "presbyopia" is derived...
Post-vitreoretinal surgery glaucoma, also known as secondary glaucoma, is a condition characterized by high intraocular pressure (IOP) following vitreoretinal surgery. Vitreoretinal surgeries are a class of surgical procedures used to treat retina and vitreous humor disorders such as retinal...
What is Post-surgical Glaucoma?
Post-surgical glaucoma, also known as secondary glaucoma, is a condition characterized by an increase in intraocular pressure (IOP) following ocular surgery. This condition can develop following a variety of eye surgeries, such as cataract extraction, corneal...
Posterior uveitis is an inflammatory condition that affects the back portion of the uveal tract in the eye. The uveal tract consists of the iris, ciliary body, and choroid, with posterior uveitis primarily affecting the choroid and retina. If...
Posterior subcapsular cataract (PSC) is a type of cataract characterized by cloudiness or opacity in the back of the lens, specifically beneath the lens capsule. This condition has a significant impact on vision and typically progresses faster than other...
What is posterior scleritis?
Posterior scleritis is a rare but serious inflammatory condition affecting the eye's posterior sclera, which is the white, fibrous outer layer. Unlike anterior scleritis, which affects the front portion of the sclera, posterior scleritis affects the...
Post-cataract surgery glaucoma, also known as secondary glaucoma, is a condition characterized by an increase in intraocular pressure (IOP) following cataract surgery. Cataract surgery, which involves removing the eye's natural lens and replacing it with an artificial intraocular lens...
Polychromatic cataract is a unique type of cataract distinguished by its multicolored appearance, which frequently manifests as a rainbow of colors within the eye's lens. Cataracts are opacities that form in the crystalline lens, causing a decrease in vision....
What is Volatile Solvent Addiction?
Volatile solvent addiction, often referred to as inhalant abuse, is a severe and often overlooked form of substance use disorder characterized by the compulsive inhalation of volatile substances. These substances, which include products like paint...
What is Vaping Addiction?
Vaping addiction, often referred to as e-cigarette addiction, is a modern form of nicotine dependence that has rapidly gained attention due to the rise in popularity of vaping devices. Initially marketed as a safer alternative to...
What is TV Addiction?
Television addiction, often referred to as screen addiction or TV binge-watching disorder, is a modern behavioral condition characterized by an excessive and compulsive consumption of television content. This addiction has become increasingly prevalent in an era...
Trichotillomania, often referred to as Hair-Pulling Disorder, is a complex mental health condition characterized by an irresistible urge to pull out one’s hair, leading to noticeable hair loss and significant emotional distress. This condition is classified as a type...
