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Pseudobulbar Affect: Symptoms, Diagnosis, Risk Factors, and Treatment

Pseudobulbar Affect (PBA) is a neurological condition characterized by sudden, uncontrollable episodes of crying or laughing that are disproportionate or unrelated to one’s actual...

Involuntary emotional expression disorder: Signs, Neurological Causes, and Treatment Strategies

Involuntary emotional expression disorder (IEED), also known as pseudobulbar affect, is marked by sudden, uncontrollable episodes of crying, laughing, or other emotional displays that...

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