HLA and Immune Genetics

Explore HLA and immune genetics testing with clear, practical guidance on how inherited immune-system differences can affect transplant compatibility, autoimmune risk, medication safety, inflammation, and immune deficiency. This category covers HLA typing and matching across HLA-A, HLA-B, HLA-C, HLA-DP, HLA-DQ, and HLA-DR, along with crossmatch testing, donor-specific antibodies, panel reactive antibody results, and transplant sensitization. You will also find detailed explanations of disease-associated markers such as HLA-B27, HLA-B51, HLA-DQ2, HLA-DQ8, HLA-DQB1, and HLA-DRB1, including their links to conditions such as ankylosing spondylitis, Behçet disease, celiac disease, type 1 diabetes, and rheumatoid arthritis. Pharmacogenetic topics explain how variants including HLA-B*15:02, HLA-B*57:01, HLA-B*58:01, and HLA-A*31:01 may influence the risk of serious drug reactions. Additional resources cover KIR testing, periodic fever syndromes, hereditary angioedema, complement disorders, SCID, CVID, and broader primary immunodeficiency panels. Each guide explains why testing is ordered, how samples are analyzed, what positive, negative, or uncertain results may mean, and which follow-up questions to discuss with your healthcare team. The articles also clarify the limits of genetic risk markers, the role of family history and symptoms, and when specialist interpretation is especially important.