Introduction to Chalcosis
Chalcosis is a rare ocular condition caused by the deposit of copper or copper-containing foreign bodies in the eye. This condition typically develops after an ocular injury, in which copper or a copper alloy becomes embedded in...
Introduction to Central Retinal Artery Occlusion
Central Retinal Artery Occlusion (CRAO) is a serious and vision-threatening condition marked by a sudden loss of blood flow to the retina, the light-sensitive layer at the back of the eye. This blockage causes...
What is Blepharospasm?
Blepharospasm is a neurological condition characterized by involuntary, forceful contractions of the eyelid muscles, which cause excessive blinking and closure. Dystonia is a condition characterized by abnormal muscle tone and movement. Blepharospasm can have a significant impact...
What is Blepharochalasis?
Blepharochalasis is a rare and chronic eyelid condition characterized by recurring episodes of eyelid edema (swelling), which over time causes the eyelid skin to stretch, thin, and wrinkle. This condition frequently results in an excess of eyelid...
Blepharitis Basics
Blepharitis is a common and chronic inflammatory condition of the eyelids. It usually affects the area of the eyelid where the eyelashes grow, and it can affect both the anterior (front) and posterior (back) portions of the eyelid...
What is Birdshot Chorioretinopathy?
Birdshot chorioretinopathy, also called birdshot retinochoroidopathy or birdshot uveitis, is a rare, chronic, and potentially blinding autoimmune inflammatory disease that affects the retina and choroid of the eye. It is named after the characteristic appearance of...
What is Bilateral Diffuse Uveal Melanocytic Proliferation (BDUMP)?
Bilateral diffuse uveal melanocytic proliferation (BDUMP) is a rare and aggressive paraneoplastic syndrome marked by the proliferation of melanocytic cells in the uveal tract of the eye. The uveal tract contains the...
What is to Bietti's Crystalline Dystrophy?
Bietti's crystalline dystrophy (BCD) is a rare inherited eye disorder that causes crystalline deposits in the retina as well as progressive atrophy of the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) and choroid. BCD was first described...
Introduction to Best Disease
Best disease, also known as vitelliform macular dystrophy, is a genetic eye disorder that primarily affects the macula, the central part of the retina that allows for sharp, central vision. This condition is named after Friedrich...
Introduction
Behçet's disease is a chronic inflammatory disorder that affects multiple organs, including the eyes. Retinopathy is one of the most serious and vision-threatening complications of the disease. Behçet's disease-related retinopathy is an inflammation of the retina that can cause...
Introduction to Behçet's Disease and Optic Neuropathy
Behçet's disease is a chronic, multisystem inflammatory disorder that can affect any part of the body, including your eyes. One of the more serious ocular complications is optic neuropathy, which causes inflammation and...
Introduction
Behçet's disease is a rare, chronic inflammatory disorder that can affect several organ systems, including the eye. Ocular manifestations are a significant and serious aspect of this disease, which can often result in significant visual impairment if not treated...
Introduction
The most common malignant eyelid tumor is basal cell carcinoma (BCC), which accounts for roughly 90% of all eyelid cancers. This condition primarily affects older adults and is strongly linked to prolonged exposure to ultraviolet radiation from the sun....
Introduction
Bardet-Biedl Syndrome (BBS) is a rare genetic disorder that affects many organ systems, including the eyes. Ocular manifestations are a common feature of BBS and frequently serve as a critical indicator for early diagnosis. The syndrome is distinguished by...
Introduction
Axenfeld-Rieger Syndrome is a rare genetic disorder that primarily affects eye development. It is named after Theodor Axenfeld and Hans Rieger, who were the first to describe the condition. ARS is distinguished by distinctive ocular abnormalities, including defects in...
What is Astigmatism?
Astigmatism is a common refractive error in the eye that results in blurred or distorted vision at any distance. It occurs when the cornea or lens has an irregular shape, resulting in multiple focal points in the...
What is Asteroid Hyalosis?
Asteroid hyalosis is an ocular condition marked by the presence of small, white opacities known as "asteroid bodies" in the vitreous humor of the eye. These opacities are made up of calcium-lipid complexes and are usually...
Introduction
Arteritic anterior ischemic optic neuropathy (AAION) is a serious ocular condition marked by sudden vision loss caused by inflammation and occlusion of the arteries that supply blood to the optic nerve head. It is most commonly associated with giant...
What is Aphakia?
Aphakia is an ocular condition defined by the absence of the natural lens in the eye. This condition may be caused by surgical removal, trauma, or congenital defects. The lens is necessary for focusing light onto the...
What is Anterior Uveitis?
Anterior uveitis, also known as iritis, is an inflammation of the uvea, which includes the iris and anterior chamber of the eye. This is the most common type of uveitis and can affect people of any...
What is the Anterior Subcapsular Cataract?
An anterior subcapsular cataract is a type of cataract that develops in the front of the lens, just below the lens capsule. This condition can severely impair vision, resulting in symptoms like blurred vision,...
introduction
Anophthalmia and microphthalmia are rare congenital eye disorders that cause the absence or underdevelopment of one or both eyes. Anophthalmia is defined as the complete absence of ocular tissue, whereas microphthalmia denotes an abnormally small eye. Both conditions can...
Introduction to Anisometropia
Anisometropia is a common ocular condition that causes a significant difference in refractive power between the two eyes. This difference can result in unequal focus, causing one eye to be more nearsighted, farsighted, or astigmatic than the...
What is Anisocoria?
Anisocoria is a condition defined by unequal pupil sizes in the eyes. It is a fairly common finding that can be physiological (normal) or pathological (indicating an underlying condition). The pupils, which control the amount of light...
What is Aniridia?
Aniridia is a rare congenital eye condition marked by the partial or complete absence of the iris, the colored part of the eye that regulates the amount of light that enters the eye. This condition is usually...
What is Amblyopia?
Amblyopia, also known as "lazy eye," is a visual development disorder in which one eye does not achieve normal visual acuity, even with prescription glasses or contact lenses. It usually begins during infancy or early childhood. Early...
Introduction to Albinism
Albinism is a genetic condition defined by a lack of melanin pigment in the skin, hair, and eyes. This condition affects people worldwide, regardless of race or ethnicity, and is divided into two types: ocular albinism, which...
What is age-related macular degeneration (AMD)?
Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is a common eye condition that primarily affects people over the age of 50. This degenerative disease affects the macula, the central portion of the retina that is responsible for...
What Is Adie's pupil?
Adie's pupil, also known as tonic pupil, is a neurological condition in which the eye's pupil reacts abnormally to light. This condition usually manifests as a unilateral, enlarged pupil that reacts slowly to direct light but...
What is Ocular Actinic Keratosis?
Ocular actinic keratosis is a rare but serious eye condition caused by prolonged exposure to ultraviolet (UV) radiation. While actinic keratosis is most commonly associated with the skin, resulting in rough, scaly patches in sun-exposed...
