Wavy Lines in Vision: What It Can Mean and When to Act Fast
Seeing straight lines bend, ripple, or look “wavy” can be unsettling—especially when it affects reading, faces, or the center of your vision. This symptom,...
Why Are My Eyes Red After Sleeping? Causes and Fixes
Waking up with red eyes can feel alarming, yet the cause is often straightforward: the surface of the eye and the eyelids work differently...
Why Are My Eyes So Dry? Common Triggers and Quick Relief
Dry eyes are more than an occasional nuisance. When the tear film becomes unstable, the eye’s surface can feel gritty, burn, water paradoxically, and...
Why Do My Eyes Water When I’m Outside? Wind, Cold, and Light Sensitivity
Many people assume watery eyes outdoors mean “too many tears,” but the most common explanation is actually the opposite: the eye surface is drying...
Jervell and Lange-Nielsen syndrome: Symptoms, Diagnosis, and Lifesaving Treatments
Jervell and Lange-Nielsen syndrome is a rare inherited condition that affects both hearing and the heart’s rhythm. Children are typically born with severe hearing...
Jugular vein aneurysm: Symptoms, Diagnosis, and Treatment Options
A jugular vein aneurysm is an uncommon bulge or widening in one of the large neck veins that return blood to the heart. Many...
Jugular vein distention: What It Signals About Heart and Lung Pressure
Jugular vein distention (JVD) means the neck veins look unusually full or raised. It is not a disease by itself—it is a visible clue...
Jugular vein thrombosis: Symptoms, Causes, Diagnosis, and Treatment Options
Jugular vein thrombosis means a blood clot forms in one of the major neck veins that drain blood from the head back to the...
Junctional bradycardia: Symptoms, Causes, ECG Clues, and Treatment Options
Junctional bradycardia is a slow heart rhythm that starts from the heart’s “junction” backup pacemaker rather than the usual natural pacemaker. On an electrocardiogram...
Junctional rhythm: Causes, ECG Patterns, and What It Means
A junctional rhythm is a heart rhythm that starts from the atrioventricular (AV) junction—an internal “backup” pacing area—rather than the heart’s usual starter. On...
Junctional tachycardia: What It Is, Triggers, Warning Signs, and Care
Junctional tachycardia is a fast heart rhythm that starts near the heart’s “junction,” where electrical signals normally pass from the upper chambers to the...
Juvenile hypertension: Risk Factors, Complications, and Long-Term Management
Juvenile hypertension—often described as high blood pressure in children and teens—is easier to miss than many people expect. Most young people with elevated readings...
Juvenile Raynaud’s phenomenon, Causes, Symptoms, Diagnosis, and Best Treatments
Juvenile Raynaud’s phenomenon is a pattern of sudden “spasms” in the small blood vessels of the fingers or toes that temporarily reduces blood flow....
J-wave syndrome: ECG Features, Causes, Symptoms, Diagnosis, Treatment, and Prevention
J-wave syndrome is an umbrella term for a small group of heart-rhythm conditions linked to a distinctive bump on an ECG (electrocardiogram—a tracing of...
Implant-associated endocarditis: Prosthetic Valve and Device Infections, Symptoms, Diagnosis, Treatment
Implant-associated endocarditis is a serious infection that forms on the heart’s inner surface or valves and involves a man-made material inside the heart or...
Incessant ventricular tachycardia: Emergency Symptoms, Electrical Storm Care, Diagnosis, Treatment
Incessant ventricular tachycardia is a dangerous rhythm problem where the heart keeps slipping into a fast beat that starts in the lower chambers and...