Hypoplastic pulmonary valve: Causes, Risk Factors, Warning Signs, and When to Treat
A hypoplastic pulmonary valve is a pulmonary valve that formed smaller than expected before birth. Because this valve controls blood leaving the right side...
Hypoplastic right heart syndrome: Signs in Newborns, Diagnosis, and Treatment Options
Hypoplastic right heart syndrome (HRHS) is a rare heart condition present at birth (“congenital,” meaning formed before birth) in which the right side of...
Hypotension: Causes, Symptoms, Diagnosis, and Effective Treatments
Hypotension means blood pressure that is lower than a person’s body needs at that moment. For some people—especially young, fit adults—naturally lower numbers cause...
Hypovolemic shock: Early Warning Signs, Diagnosis, and Emergency Treatment
Hypovolemic shock happens when the body loses too much circulating fluid—most often blood—so the heart cannot push enough blood to vital organs. “Shock” (critical...
Gerbode defect: Causes, Symptoms, Diagnosis, and Modern Treatment Options
A Gerbode defect is an uncommon heart condition where blood takes an abnormal shortcut between two chambers that normally do not connect. For many...
Gestational hypertension: Causes, Symptoms, Diagnosis, and Safe Treatments
Gestational hypertension is high blood pressure that starts during pregnancy—usually after the midpoint—and was not present before. For many people, it arrives quietly: a...
Giant aortic aneurysm: Symptoms, Rupture Risk, and When to Treat
A giant aortic aneurysm is a dangerously enlarged bulge in the body’s main artery, the aorta. Most aneurysms grow silently for years, but when...
Giant cell arteritis: Symptoms, Vision Loss Warning Signs, and Treatment
Giant cell arteritis is a treatable condition, but it asks for speed and clarity. It happens when certain blood vessels become inflamed and narrowed,...
Giant cell myocarditis: Causes, Risk Factors, and Immune Triggers
Giant cell myocarditis is a rare, aggressive form of myocarditis (inflammation of the heart muscle). It can move fast—sometimes over days—turning mild shortness of...
Giant coronary artery aneurysm: Causes, Symptoms, Diagnosis, and Treatment Options
A giant coronary artery aneurysm is an unusually large bulge in one of the heart’s own arteries. These arteries supply oxygen to the heart...
Glanzmann thrombasthenia: Causes, Risk Factors, and Bleeding Management
Glanzmann thrombasthenia is a rare bleeding condition where the blood’s “first-aid” cells cannot stick together the way they should. Those cells—platelets—normally form a quick...
Glycogen storage cardiomyopathy: Causes, Genetics, and Who’s at Risk
Glycogen storage cardiomyopathy is a group of inherited conditions where extra glycogen (the body’s stored form of sugar) builds up inside heart muscle cells....
Goldenhar syndrome: Causes, Risk Factors, and Early Screening
Goldenhar syndrome is a rare condition present at birth (congenital—“from birth”) that affects how parts of the face and nearby structures form early in...
Gorham-Stout disease: Symptoms, Diagnosis, and Treatment Options
Gorham-Stout disease is a rare disorder in which bone gradually dissolves and may be replaced by abnormal lymphatic tissue. Many people first encounter it...
Graft arteriosclerosis: Causes, Symptoms, Diagnosis, and Treatment After Transplant
Graft arteriosclerosis is a slow, progressive narrowing of blood vessels inside a transplanted organ. It is one of the main reasons a transplant that...
Graft coronary vasculopathy: What It Is, Early Warning Signs, and Best Treatments
A heart transplant can feel like a second chance—more time, more energy, and a return to daily life. But transplanted hearts face a unique...