What is blepharitis?
Blepharitis is a common, chronic inflammatory condition of the eyelids that causes redness, swelling, and irritation. It frequently appears at the base of the eyelashes and can affect both the anterior (front) and posterior (back) portions of...
What is Birdshot Chorioretinopathy?
Birdshot chorioretinopathy, also called birdshot retinochoroidopathy, is a rare, chronic inflammatory condition that affects the retina and choroid of the eye. This condition is named after the characteristic appearance of cream-colored spots on the retina that...
What is Bilateral Diffuse Uveal Melanocyte Proliferation (BDUMP)?
Bilateral diffuse uveal melanocytic proliferation (BDUMP) is a rare paraneoplastic syndrome defined by the bilateral proliferation of benign melanocytic cells in the uveal tract of the eyes, which includes the iris, ciliary...
What is the Meibomian Gland Dysfunction?
Meibomian gland dysfunction (MGD) is a common ocular condition characterized by the obstruction or irregular secretion of the meibomian glands, which are required to maintain a healthy tear film. These glands in the eyelids...
What is Marfan syndrome?
Marfan syndrome is a genetic disorder that affects the connective tissue that structures and supports the body's organs and tissues. Mutations in the FBN1 gene cause this syndrome, which is characterized by defective fibrillin-1, a protein...
What is Marfan syndrome?
Marfan syndrome is a genetic disorder that affects the connective tissue that structures and supports the body's organs and tissues. One of the most common ocular manifestations of Marfan syndrome is lens dislocation, also known as...
What is Marcus Gunn's Jaw-Winking Syndrome?
Marcus Gunn Jaw-Winking Syndrome (MGJWS) is a rare congenital condition characterized by an abnormal synkinetic movement of the eyelid, in which the upper eyelid elevates or "winks" in response to jaw movements such as...
What is Map-Dot Fingerprint Dystrophy?
Map-Dot-Fingerprint Dystrophy, also known as epithelial basement membrane dystrophy (EBMD) or Cogan's microcystic epithelial dystrophy, is a common and usually benign corneal condition. The corneal epithelium is irregular, resulting in a pattern of maps, dots,...
What is Bietti Crystalline Dystrophy?
Bietti's crystalline dystrophy (BCD) is a rare inherited retinal disorder that causes progressive vision loss due to the accumulation of crystalline deposits in the retina and corneal limbus. G. B. Bietti, an Italian ophthalmologist, first...
What is basal cell carcinoma of the eyelid?
Basal cell carcinoma (BCC) of the eyelid is a type of skin cancer that begins in the skin's outermost layer, where basal cells reside. It is the most common type of eyelid...
What is Astigmatism?
Astigmatism is a common refractive error that results in blurred or distorted vision. It happens when the cornea, the clear front surface of the eye, or the lens within the eye has an irregular shape. The cornea...
What is Arteritic Anterior Ischemic Optic Neuropathy (AAION)?
Arteritic anterior ischemic optic neuropathy (AAION) is a serious and potentially vision-threatening condition that causes sudden loss of vision due to insufficient blood flow to the optic nerve head. This ischemic event...
What is Asteroid Hyalosis?
Asteroid hyalosis is an ocular condition characterized by the presence of small, white, spherical opacities known as "asteroid bodies" within the vitreous humor of the eye. These opacities are primarily calcium and phosphate-based, and they frequently...
What is malignant melanoma of the eyelid?
Malignant melanoma of the eyelid is a rare but aggressive type of skin cancer that develops from melanocytes, pigment-producing cells found in the skin of the eyelid. This condition has the potential to...
What is malignant glaucoma?
Malignant glaucoma, also referred to as aqueous misdirection or ciliary block glaucoma, is a rare but severe type of glaucoma. It is most common after eye surgery, but it can also occur on its own. An...
What is Macular Pucker?
Macular pucker, also known as epiretinal membrane (ERM) or cellophane maculopathy, is an ocular condition characterized by the formation of a thin layer of fibrous tissue on the retinal macula. The macula is the area of...
What is a macular hole?
A macular hole is a small break or tear in the macula, the central part of the retina that provides the sharp, detailed vision required for tasks like reading and face recognition. The condition primarily...
What is Lowe syndrome?
Lowe syndrome, also called oculocerebrorenal syndrome, is a rare genetic condition that affects the eyes, brain, and kidneys. Mutations in the OCRL gene on the X chromosome cause phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate 5-phosphatase deficiency. This enzyme deficiency causes...
What is anterior uveitis?
Anterior uveitis, also known as iritis, is an inflammation of the uvea, or middle layer of the eye, that primarily affects the iris and anterior chamber. This condition is the most common type of uveitis, accounting...
What is the Anterior Subcapsular Cataract?
Anterior subcapsular cataract (ASC) is a type of cataract that develops in the front of the lens, just below the lens capsule. This type of cataract is distinguished by its location and the opacities...
What is anisometropia?
Anisometropia is an ocular condition that causes a significant difference in refractive power between the two eyes. This disparity causes each eye to focus images at different points, resulting in visual discomfort and difficulties. Differences in myopia...
What is Anisocoria?
Anisocoria is a condition characterized by unequal pupil sizes in the eyes, with one larger or smaller than the other. This difference can be a harmless, normal variation in some people, or it can be a sign...
What is Aniridia?
Aniridia is a rare congenital eye condition characterized by the partial or complete absence of the iris, the colored part of the eye that regulates the amount of light that enters it. This condition affects both eyes...
What is Limbal Stem Cell Deficiency?
Limbal stem cell deficiency (LSCD) is an ocular condition characterized by the absence or dysfunction of limbal stem cells, which are essential for the maintenance and regeneration of the corneal epithelium. The limbus, which...
What are the terms Lenticonus and Lentiglobus?
Lenticonus and lentiglobus are rare congenital lens deformities that alter the shape and clarity of the eye's lens, resulting in visual impairment. Lenticonus is distinguished by a conical protrusion of the lens, whereas...
What is lens-induced uveitis?
Lens-induced uveitis is an ocular condition marked by inflammation of the uvea, the eye's middle layer, caused by lens-related issues. This condition can occur as a result of trauma, cataract formation, or lens dislocation, causing lens...
What is Lens-induced glaucoma?
Lens-induced glaucoma is a type of glaucoma that occurs as a result of changes or abnormalities in the eye's lens. This condition can result from a variety of lens pathologies, such as lens dislocation, cataract formation,...
What causes Leber's Hereditary Optic Neuropathy?
Leber's hereditary optic neuropathy (LHON) is a rare inherited mitochondrial disorder that causes acute or subacute loss of central vision. This condition primarily affects young adults and is caused by mitochondrial DNA mutations that...
What is amblyopia?
Amblyopia, also known as "lazy eye," is a visual development disorder in which one eye does not achieve normal visual acuity, even with prescription glasses or contact lenses. It usually begins in infancy or early childhood as...
What is age-related macular degeneration (AMD)?
Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is a progressive eye disease that affects the macula, the central portion of the retina responsible for sharp, detailed vision. It is the leading cause of vision loss among people...
