What is an Eyelid Burn?
Eyelid burns are a type of ocular injury caused by exposure to thermal, chemical, or electrical agents that harm the delicate skin of the eyelids. These burns can range from minor superficial burns to severe...
What is eyelid basal cell carcinoma?
Eyelid basal cell carcinoma (BCC) is the most common form of eyelid cancer, accounting for roughly 90% of all cases. It develops from basal cells in the epidermis, the skin's outermost layer. BCC is...
What is exotropia?
Exotropia is a type of strabismus (eye misalignment) in which one or both eyes turn outward, away from the nose. This condition can be intermittent or constant, affecting one or both eyes alternately. Exotropia is typically more...
What is exophoria?
Exophoria is a type of heterophoria in which one eye tends to drift outward relative to the other when binocular fusion fails. It is a latent form of strabismus, which means that the eyes appear to be...
What is a Penetrating Eye Injury?
A penetrating eye injury is a severe type of ocular trauma in which an object pierces the cornea or sclera and enters the eye's internal structures. This type of injury can cause significant damage...
What is pediatric glaucoma?
Pediatric glaucoma, also known as congenital glaucoma, is a rare but severe eye condition that affects infants and young children. It is defined by an increase in intraocular pressure (IOP) within the eye, which, if left...
What is papilledema?
Papilledema is a swelling of the optic nerve head or disc caused by high intracranial pressure (ICP). This condition is significant in ophthalmology and neurology because it indicates elevated intracranial pressure, which can have a variety of...
What is Orbital Rhabdomyosarcoma?
Orbital rhabdomyosarcoma is a malignant tumor that develops from skeletal muscle cells in the orbit, the bony cavity that houses the eyeball. It is the most common primary orbital malignancy in children, usually presenting between the...
What is Orbital Pseudotumor?
Orbital pseudotumor, also known as idiopathic orbital inflammation, is a non-specific inflammatory condition of the orbit, the bony cavity that houses the eye. Unlike true tumors, orbital pseudotumors are not cancerous, but they can produce symptoms...
What is Exfoliative Glaucoma?
Exfoliative glaucoma (XFG) is a type of open-angle glaucoma that results from exfoliation syndrome (XFS). XFS causes abnormal flaky material to accumulate in the front of the eye, particularly in the lens and trabecular meshwork. This...
What is esotropia?
Esotropia is a type of strabismus (eye misalignment) in which one or both eyes turn inward towards the nose. This condition can be constant or intermittent, affecting only one eye or alternating between the two. Esotropia can...
What is esophoria?
Esophoria is a type of eye misalignment in which one eye drifts inward towards the nose while both eyes focus on an object. Unlike esotropia, where the misalignment is constant and noticeable, esophoria is a latent condition,...
What is epithelial basement membrane dystrophy?
Epithelial Basement Membrane Dystrophy (EBMD), also called map-dot-fingerprint dystrophy or Cogan's microcystic dystrophy, is a common corneal condition that affects the cornea's outermost layer, the epithelium. Abnormalities in the basement membrane, a thin, delicate...
What is episcleritis?
Episcleritis is an inflammatory condition that affects the episclera, which is a thin layer of tissue located between the conjunctiva and the sclera. This condition is defined by redness, irritation, and mild discomfort or pain in the...
What is orbital lymphoma?
Orbital lymphoma is a cancer that develops in the lymphatic tissues of the orbit, the bony cavity that holds the eye. It is a subtype of non-Hodgkin lymphoma and is a rare but significant cause of...
What is Orbital Hemorrhage?
Orbital hemorrhage is a medical condition characterized by bleeding inside the orbit, the bony cavity that houses the eye. This condition can result from trauma, surgical complications, vascular malformations, or systemic diseases. Orbital hemorrhage can cause...
What are orbital fractures?
Orbital fractures are breaks or cracks in the bones surrounding the eye, known as the orbit. These fractures are most commonly caused by facial trauma, such as accidents, falls, sports injuries, or physical assaults. Orbital fractures...
What is Orbital Cellulitis?
Orbital cellulitis is a severe infection that affects the tissues around the eye, such as the eyelids, brows, and cheek. Bacterial infections spread from the sinuses, teeth, or bloodstream are common causes of this condition. If...
What is Optic Neuritis?
Optic neuritis is an inflammatory condition of the optic nerve, which transmits visual information from the eye to the brain. This inflammation can cause sudden vision loss, pain with eye movement, and other visual disturbances. Optic...
What is Epiretinal Membrane?
Epiretinal membrane (ERM), also known as macular pucker or cellophane maculopathy, is a retinal condition that affects the macula, the area responsible for central vision. ERM is defined by the formation of a thin, fibrous layer...
What is epiphora?
Epiphora, also known as excessive tearing, is a condition characterized by an overflow of tears onto the face, which is frequently caused by inadequate tear drainage or overproduction of tears. This ocular condition can affect one or...
What is endothelial dystrophy?
Endothelial dystrophy, or Fuchs' endothelial dystrophy, is a progressive ocular condition affecting the cornea's innermost layer, the endothelium. Endothelial cells pump out excess fluid to maintain corneal transparency. Endothelial dystrophy occurs when these cells deteriorate, causing...
What is endophthalmitis?
Endophthalmitis is a severe and potentially blinding inflammation of the eye's interior that is usually caused by an infection. This condition affects the vitreous and aqueous humor, which are gel-like and watery substances within the eye. Bacterial...
What is Emmetropia?
Emmetropia refers to an eye with perfect vision, in which light rays enter the eye and focus directly on the retina, eliminating the need for corrective lenses. In an emmetropic eye, the cornea and lens work together...
What is Optic Nerve Sheath Meningioma?
Optic nerve sheath meningioma (ONSM) is a rare, usually benign tumor that develops in the meninges around the optic nerve. Because of their location and compression on the optic nerve, these tumors have the...
What is the Optic Nerve Pit?
Optic nerve pits are a rare congenital anomaly of the optic disc that cause small, crater-like depressions in the optic nerve heads. These pits can cause serous retinal detachment and macular changes, resulting in...
What is Optic Nerve Meningioma?
Optic nerve meningioma is a rare, usually benign tumor that develops from the meninges, the protective layers that surround the optic nerve. The location and growth patterns of these tumors can cause progressive vision loss...
What is Optic Nerve Hypoplasia?
Optic nerve hypoplasia (ONH) is a congenital disorder characterized by underdevelopment of the optic nerve, which transmits visual information from the eyes to the brain. This developmental anomaly can result in a reduction in the...
What is Optic Nerve Head Avulsion?
Optic nerve head avulsion is a severe ocular condition characterized by the traumatic separation of the optic nerve fibers from the optic disc. Significant blunt trauma to the eye frequently causes this injury, which...
What is Eales disease?
Eales disease is a rare idiopathic retinal vasculitis that primarily affects young adults, especially males aged 20 to 40. This condition, first described by Henry Eales in 1880, is defined by inflammation, occlusion, and subsequent neovascularization...
