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Understand ALK fusion testing in lung cancer, including what a positive or negative result means, tissue and ctDNA methods, limitations, and treatment relevance.

ALK Fusion Test for Lung Cancer: Gene Fusion, Positive Result, and Molecular Meaning

Understand BRAF V600E testing in lung cancer, including what a positive or negative result means, tissue and ctDNA methods, limitations, and treatment relevance.

BRAF V600E Test for Lung Cancer: Mutation Status, Positive Result, and Molecular Meaning

Learn how the carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) test is used in lung cancer, what high levels can mean, common non-cancer causes, reference ranges, and why serial trends matter.

CEA Test for Lung Cancer: Tumor Marker Monitoring, High Levels, and Result Meaning

Learn how the cytokeratin 19 fragment 21-1 (CYFRA 21-1) test is used in lung cancer, what high levels can mean, common non-cancer causes, reference ranges, and why serial trends matter.

CYFRA 21-1 Test for Lung Cancer: Tumor Marker Levels and Disease Monitoring

Understand EGFR exon 20 insertion testing in lung cancer, including what a positive or negative result means, tissue and ctDNA methods, limitations, and treatment relevance.

EGFR Exon 20 Insertion Test: Lung Cancer Mutation Status and Molecular Meaning

Understand EGFR mutation testing in lung cancer, including what a positive or negative result means, tissue and ctDNA methods, limitations, and treatment relevance.

EGFR Mutation Test for Lung Cancer: Exon 19, L858R, T790M, Mutation Status, and...

Diagnostics

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Learn how MUTYH genetic testing identifies polyposis risk, why two variants differ from one, and what positive, negative, carrier, and uncertain results mean.

MUTYH Genetic Test: Colon Polyposis, Cancer Risk, and Results

Understand MYC rearrangement test results in lymphoma and leukemia, including FISH, double-hit and triple-hit findings, double expression, prognosis, and treatment implications.

MYC Rearrangement Test: Lymphoma, Leukemia, and Results

Learn how MYD88 mutation testing supports Waldenström macroglobulinemia and lymphoma diagnosis, including L265P results, methods, treatment relevance, and limits.

MYD88 Mutation Test: Waldenstrom Macroglobulinemia, Lymphoma, and Results

Learn how NPM1 mutation testing classifies AML, affects prognosis, and supports sensitive MRD monitoring, including positive, negative, VAF, and treatment results.

NPM1 Mutation Test: AML Prognosis, Leukemia Genetics, and Results

Understand NRAS mutation test results in melanoma and colorectal cancer, including extended RAS coverage, anti-EGFR resistance, treatment relevance, and test limits.

NRAS Mutation Test: Melanoma, Colon Cancer, and Results

Learn how NTRK fusion testing finds tumor-agnostic targets, compares RNA NGS, DNA NGS, IHC, and FISH, and guides TRK inhibitor treatment and resistance testing.

NTRK Fusion Test: Cancer Targeted Therapy, Gene Fusion, and Results

Learn what PALB2 genetic testing shows, how pathogenic variants affect breast, pancreatic, and ovarian cancer risk, and how positive, negative, and VUS results guide care.

PALB2 Genetic Test: Breast Cancer Risk, Mutations, and Results

Learn how PDGFRA mutation testing guides GIST diagnosis and therapy, including D842V, exon 18 results, imatinib resistance, avapritinib, and follow-up.

PDGFRA Mutation Test: GIST, Targeted Therapy, and Results

Learn how PD-L1 testing guides cancer immunotherapy, including TPS, CPS, assay clones, positive and negative scores, cancer-specific cutoffs, and test limitations.

PD-L1 Test: Cancer Immunotherapy, Expression Score, and Results

Learn how PIK3CA mutation testing guides targeted therapy in HR-positive, HER2-negative advanced breast cancer, including tissue, plasma, alpelisib, and inavolisib results.

PIK3CA Mutation Test: Breast Cancer, Targeted Therapy, and Results

Learn how PML-RARA testing confirms acute promyelocytic leukemia, compares FISH with RT-PCR, guides ATRA and arsenic treatment, and monitors molecular remission.

PML-RARA Test: Acute Promyelocytic Leukemia, Fusion Gene, and Results

Learn what an PMS2 genetic test shows, how results relate to Lynch syndrome and colon cancer risk, and what positive, negative, and uncertain findings mean for care and family.

PMS2 Genetic Test: Lynch Syndrome, Colon Cancer Risk, and Results

Learn how PTEN genetic testing can confirm Cowden syndrome, clarify cancer risks, explain positive, negative, and VUS results, and guide screening for patients and families.

PTEN Genetic Test: Cowden Syndrome, Cancer Risk, and Results

Understand how RB1 genetic testing identifies heritable retinoblastoma, clarifies blood and tumor results, guides eye surveillance, and defines cancer and family risks.

RB1 Genetic Test: Retinoblastoma, Cancer Risk, and Results

Learn how RET fusion testing detects targetable drivers in lung and thyroid cancer, how RNA and DNA methods differ, and what positive, negative, and resistance results mean.

RET Fusion Test: Lung and Thyroid Cancer, Targeted Therapy, and Results

Learn how germline RET testing confirms MEN2, guides medullary thyroid cancer prevention, explains variant results, and directs pheochromocytoma screening and family testing.

RET Genetic Test: MEN2, Medullary Thyroid Cancer, and Results

Learn how a ROS1 fusion test detects an actionable lung cancer driver, how tissue and blood methods differ, and what positive, negative, and resistance results mean.

ROS1 Fusion Test: Lung Cancer, Targeted Therapy, and Results

Understand what an SDHB genetic test shows, how results affect paraganglioma and pheochromocytoma surveillance, metastatic risk, and testing for relatives.

SDHB Genetic Test: Paraganglioma, Pheochromocytoma, and Cancer Risk

Learn how an SDHC genetic test identifies hereditary paraganglioma risk, what positive, negative, and VUS results mean, and how carrier surveillance works.

SDHC Genetic Test: Paraganglioma, Pheochromocytoma, and Results

Learn how an SDHD genetic test identifies hereditary paraganglioma risk, why paternal inheritance matters, and how positive, negative, and uncertain results guide surveillance.

SDHD Genetic Test: Paraganglioma, Pheochromocytoma, and Results

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