Dimethylaminoethanol: Cognitive Support, Skin Health, Dosage, and Side Effects
Dimethylaminoethanol (DMAE)—also labeled deanol or DMAE bitartrate—is a choline-like compound used in two main ways: as a nootropic supplement for attention and mood, and as a topical cosmetic ingredient to improve skin tone and firmness. Although it has a long history in over-the-counter products, the modern clinical evidence is mixed and often limited to small or short-term studies. In...
Dimethylamylamine: Benefits, Properties, Uses, Dosage, and Side Effects Explained
Dimethylamylamine (DMAA), also known as 1,3-dimethylamylamine or methylhexanamine, is a synthetic stimulant once marketed in “pre-workout” and “fat burner” supplements. It acts on the sympathetic nervous system, which is why users report sharp increases in alertness and drive. At the same time, this class of compounds can raise heart rate and blood pressure and has been linked to serious...
Dimethylglycine (DMG): Top Benefits, Dosage Guide, Uses, and Side Effects Overview
Dimethylglycine (DMG) sits quietly inside your cells as part of the body’s one-carbon (methylation) network. It is formed when betaine donates a methyl group to homocysteine, and it is then broken down inside mitochondria to sarcosine and glycine. Because of this central positioning, DMG is marketed for energy, immunity, brain function, and exercise performance. The truth is more measured:...
Dimethylhexylamine (DMHA): Top Benefits, Pre-Workout Uses, Dosage, and Safety Profile
Dimethylhexylamine (often labeled as DMHA or octodrine) is a synthetic stimulant that shows up in some pre-workout and weight-loss supplements. It is chemically related to other sympathomimetic amines and is marketed for short-term energy, focus, and appetite control. Despite the marketing, DMHA is not an approved dietary ingredient in the United States and is prohibited in sport. Evidence in...
Dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO): Health Benefits, Properties, Application Methods, and Potential Risks
Dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO) is a powerful polar solvent best known from laboratory benches and cell-freezers, yet it also has a narrow, legitimate place in human care. In the United States, prescription DMSO is approved only as an intravesical (inside-the-bladder) medication for interstitial cystitis, where it can lessen bladder pain and urgency under a clinician’s supervision. Beyond that setting, people encounter...
Dinitrophenol (DNP): Comprehensive Guide to Dangers, Uses, Dosage, and Health Hazards
Dinitrophenol (often “DNP”) is a yellow industrial chemical that has been mis-sold online as a “fat burner.” Its biology is straightforward—and extremely dangerous. DNP uncouples energy production in mitochondria, forcing the body to burn fuel inefficiently and generate heat. That can raise metabolic rate, but at the cost of overheating, organ failure, and death. DNP is not a nutrient...
Dioscorea villosa: Menopause Support, Hormone Balance, Uses, and Side Effects
Wild yam (Dioscorea villosa) is a North American vine whose knobby root has a long history in herbalism for cramps, digestive upsets, and women’s health complaints. Today you’ll also see it in creams and serums marketed for “hormone balance” or soothing irritated skin. Much of the buzz comes from diosgenin—a plant steroid found in wild yam that chemists can...
Diosgenin: Women’s Wellness, Joint Support, Properties, and Dosage Guide
Diosgenin is a naturally occurring steroidal sapogenin found in several plants—most famously in wild yam (Dioscorea species) and fenugreek. In the lab, it has long served as a raw material for synthesizing steroid hormones. In the body, however, diosgenin acts differently: it does not convert into progesterone or estrogen, and its potential benefits come from separate biological effects. Early...
Diosmin: Natural Vein Support, Vascular Health Benefits, and Safety Insights
Diosmin is a citrus-derived flavonoid used worldwide for problems linked to weak or inflamed veins—especially chronic venous disease (CVD), leg swelling, and hemorrhoids. Most clinical research centers on a standardized form called micronized purified flavonoid fraction (MPFF), which is 90% diosmin and 10% hesperidin. MPFF’s fine particle size helps the body absorb it, and studies suggest it can reduce...
Diplotaxis tenuifolia Extract: Health Benefits, Optimal Use, and Scientific Insights
Wild rocket (Diplotaxis tenuifolia) is more than a peppery salad leaf. Extracts from this Brassicaceae plant concentrate naturally occurring phytochemicals—especially glucosinolates (which can convert to isothiocyanates), flavonoids, vitamin C, and carotenoids—along with notable levels of dietary nitrate when consumed as food. These compounds are being studied for antioxidant capacity, support for nitric-oxide pathways (via vegetable nitrate), and general cell...
Dipotassium Glycyrrhizinate: Skin, Immune, and Wellness Benefits Explained
Dipotassium glycyrrhizinate (often listed as “dipotassium glycyrrhizate” or simply “DPG”) is a salt of glycyrrhizic acid, the signature compound from licorice root. In modern skin care, it shows up in serums, gels, masks, and post-procedure creams because it helps quiet redness, soothe irritation, and support barrier recovery. Formulators also use it to improve the feel of actives that can...
Disodium Phosphate: Detailed Analysis of Benefits, Forms, and Dosage
Disodium phosphate (also called sodium phosphate dibasic or E339(ii)) is a common food additive, a laboratory buffer, and—in select cases—a supplemental source of phosphorus and sodium. In foods, it stabilizes texture, controls acidity, and improves melt and moisture. In medicine, various sodium phosphate salts appear in bowel preparations and IV formulations; as a supplement, disodium phosphate occasionally appears in...
D-Limonene: Benefits for Digestion, Detox, Immunity, and Wellness
D-limonene is the citrus-scented compound that gives oranges and lemons their bright aroma. Beyond flavor and fragrance, it’s sold as a dietary supplement most often for digestive comfort, occasional heartburn, and general wellness. Early human studies suggest d-limonene concentrates in fatty tissues and may influence cell signaling pathways, while animal and lab research point to anti-inflammatory and antioxidant actions....
DLPA: Top Uses, Proper Dosage, and Safety Insights
DLPA (DL-phenylalanine) is a 50:50 blend of two mirror-image forms of the essential amino acid phenylalanine. The L-form feeds into tyrosine and the catecholamines (dopamine and norepinephrine), which is why people associate it with mood, focus, and energy. The D-form, meanwhile, has been explored for its ability to slow the breakdown of our own endorphins and enkephalins—natural pain-modulating peptides....
D-malic acid Supplement: Uses, Dosage, Risks, and Best Practices
D-malic acid is one of two mirror-image forms of malic acid—the tart-tasting organic acid best known from apples and widely used in foods and supplements. While the L-form is produced in the body as part of everyday energy metabolism, D-malic acid shows up mainly in supplements or as part of citrulline malate and magnesium malate. People take it hoping...
D-mannitol: Sugar Alcohol Sweetener, Diuretic, and Digestive Health Explained
D-mannitol is a six-carbon sugar alcohol best known in medicine as an osmotic agent that pulls water out of tissues and into the bloodstream. Clinicians use intravenous mannitol to lower dangerously high pressure in the brain (intracranial pressure) or eye (intraocular pressure), and pulmonologists use inhaled mannitol to help clear thick mucus in adults with cystic fibrosis. It also...
D-Mannose Benefits: Urinary Tract Health, Usage, Dosage, and Side Effects Guide
D-mannose is a simple sugar that has attracted attention as a non-antibiotic option for urinary tract health, especially for people who experience recurrent urinary tract infections (rUTIs). In theory, it helps by blocking Escherichia coli (E. coli)—the most common UTI culprit—from sticking to the bladder lining. That biological idea is appealing, and small early studies hinted at benefit. But...
DMBA (1,3-Dimethylbutylamine): Safety, Fat Burner Effects, Uses, and Proper Dosage
DMBA (1,3-dimethylbutylamine), sometimes marketed as AMP citrate, is a laboratory-made stimulant that appeared in some pre-workout and weight-loss supplements over the past decade. It’s chemically related to DMAA and is often promoted for energy, focus, and fat-burning. Unlike nutrients or botanicals, DMBA is a synthetic sympathomimetic—it can raise heart rate and blood pressure in ways similar to other stimulants....
DMSA for Lead and Mercury Detox: Benefits, Dosage, Risks, and Best Practices
DMSA—also known by its generic name succimer—is a prescription chelating agent designed to bind certain toxic metals so your body can excrete them. Clinically, it is used mainly for lead poisoning in children and, in select circumstances, for arsenic or inorganic mercury exposure under specialist care. Compared with older chelators, DMSA is taken orally and is generally better tolerated....
DNase Enzyme Therapy: Airway Clearance, Applications, and Safety Guide
DNase (deoxyribonuclease) is an enzyme that cuts DNA. In medicine, the form you’ll hear most about is dornase alfa (recombinant human DNase I), delivered by inhalation to thin sticky mucus in the lungs. By breaking down extracellular DNA—much of it shed from white blood cells during infection—DNase decreases sputum viscosity, improves airflow, and can help reduce pulmonary exacerbations in...
Docosahexaenoic Acid (DHA): Top Brain, Eye, and Heart Benefits, Uses, Dosage, and Safety
Docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) is a long-chain omega-3 fat that your body uses to build cell membranes—especially in the brain and retina—and to make signaling molecules that help resolve inflammation. Because adults convert only small amounts of plant omega-3 (ALA) into DHA, levels depend mostly on dietary intake from fish, seafood, and algae, or from supplements. Research links adequate DHA...
Docosapentaenoic Acid (DPA): Unique Omega-3 for Cardiovascular and Brain Wellness
Docosapentaenoic acid (DPA) is a long-chain omega-3 fatty acid found in fish, marine oils, and—unlike EPA and DHA—in meaningful amounts in certain red meats. Although it receives less attention than eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), DPA appears to play complementary roles in cardiovascular, metabolic, and inflammatory pathways. It can convert “back and forth” with EPA, serve as...
Dodecanoic Acid: Top Benefits, Health Uses, Dosage, and Side Effects
Dodecanoic acid—better known as lauric acid—is a 12-carbon saturated fatty acid (C12:0) that occurs naturally in coconut and palm kernel oils, dairy fat, and some edible insects. In industry, it’s a building block for soaps, surfactants, emulsifiers, lubricants, and even certain phase-change materials. In nutrition, lauric acid sits at the intersection of “medium-chain” chemistry and everyday eating: it metabolizes...
Dog Rose: Comprehensive Supplement Review—Dosage, Benefits, and Potential Side Effects
Dog rose (Rosa canina) is a hardy wild rose whose small, bright-red fruits—rose hips—have a long history in European and Middle Eastern folk medicine and food. Modern analyses show that dog rose is rich in vitamin C, polyphenols (including flavonols and phenolic acids), carotenoids (lycopene, beta-carotene), and distinctive galactolipids. These nutrients and plant compounds together explain why dog rose...
