Evidence-Based Supplement & Herb Guides

Developmental Coordination Disorder and Dyspraxia: Signs, Causes, and Complications

A clear guide to developmental coordination disorder, including common motor signs, age-related patterns, possible causes, risk factors, diagnostic context, and complications.

Developmental coordination disorder is a neurodevelopmental condition in which a child has persistent difficulty learning and carrying out coordinated motor skills. The problem is...

Desomorphine Use Disorder Signs, Withdrawal Symptoms, and Medical Risks

Learn how desomorphine use disorder fits within opioid use disorder, including symptoms, physical signs, causes, risk factors, diagnostic context, and serious complications.

Desomorphine is a powerful opioid best known in illicit form as “krokodil.” A desomorphine use disorder is a pattern of opioid use in which...

Dermatillomania (Excoriation Disorder): Symptoms, Signs, Causes, and Complications

Dermatillomania is a skin-picking disorder marked by repeated picking, skin damage, distress, and difficulty stopping. Learn the key symptoms, signs, causes, risk factors, diagnostic context, and complications.

Dermatillomania, clinically called excoriation disorder or skin-picking disorder, is more than occasionally squeezing a pimple, picking at a scab, or biting at dry skin....

Depressive psychosis Symptoms, Delusions, Hallucinations, and Risks

Learn what depressive psychosis means, how symptoms and signs may appear, what causes and risk factors are involved, and when urgent evaluation may be needed.

Depressive psychosis is a severe form of depression in which a person has symptoms of a major depressive episode along with psychotic symptoms such...

Depressive personality disorder: Symptoms, causes, risks, and effects

Depressive personality disorder is a historical and research-based term for a long-standing depressive personality style marked by pessimism, guilt, low self-worth, and self-criticism. Learn how it differs from depression, what signs matter, and why careful evaluation is important.

Depressive personality disorder is a term used for a long-standing pattern of gloomy mood, low self-worth, pessimism, self-criticism, guilt, and difficulty taking pleasure in...

Depressive episode risk factors, lookalikes, and functional effects

Clear overview of depressive episodes, including core symptoms, observable signs, causes, risk factors, diagnostic context, complications, and urgent warning signs.

A depressive episode is more than having a difficult day, feeling discouraged, or reacting to a stressful event. It is a period of persistent...

Depression Symptoms, Signs, Causes, Risk Factors, and Complications

A clear, medically grounded overview of depression symptoms, signs, causes, risk factors, diagnostic context, and possible complications, including warning signs that may need urgent evaluation.

Depression is more than a period of sadness or a reaction to a difficult week. It is a mental health condition that can change...

Depression with psychotic features: causes, risks, symptoms, and safety concerns

Learn how depression with psychotic features can affect mood, beliefs, perception, safety, and daily functioning, including key symptoms, risk factors, diagnostic context, and complications.

Depression with psychotic features is a serious form of depressive illness in which symptoms of depression occur together with psychosis, such as delusions, hallucinations,...

DepersonalizationDerealization Disorder Explained: Symptoms, Causes, and Complications

A clear guide to depersonalization-derealization disorder, including how symptoms feel, when they may signal a disorder, possible causes, risk factors, diagnostic context, and complications.

Depersonalization-derealization disorder is a dissociative condition in which a person repeatedly or persistently feels detached from themselves, their body, their emotions, their memories, or...

Dependent Personality Disorder and Fear of Abandonment: Key Signs and Risks

Clear overview of dependent personality disorder, including core symptoms, relationship signs, possible causes, risk factors, diagnostic context, related conditions, and safety concerns.

Dependent personality disorder is a mental health condition marked by a persistent and excessive need to be cared for, often with intense fear of...

Dementia Overview: Early Signs, Causes, and Complications

Understand dementia symptoms, early warning signs, major causes, risk factors, complications, and how clinicians distinguish dementia from normal aging and other causes of confusion.

Dementia is a clinical syndrome in which changes in memory, thinking, behavior, or daily functioning become significant enough to interfere with independence. It is...

Delusional Parasitosis: Signs, Risk Factors, and Diagnostic Context

A clear guide to delusional parasitosis, including symptoms, visible signs, possible causes, risk factors, diagnostic context, related conditions, and complications.

Delusional parasitosis is a serious psychiatric condition in which a person becomes firmly convinced that parasites, insects, worms, mites, fibers, or other organisms are...

Delusional Disorder Causes, Risk Factors, and Common Delusion Types

Understand delusional disorder symptoms, common delusion themes, possible causes, risk factors, diagnostic context, complications, and warning signs that may require urgent evaluation.

Delusional disorder is a psychiatric condition in which a person develops one or more firmly held beliefs that are not based in reality and...

Delirium Causes, Types, Symptoms, and Serious Complications

Understand delirium as a sudden change in attention, awareness, and thinking, including key symptoms, causes, risk factors, diagnostic context, and serious complications.

Delirium is a sudden change in mental state that affects attention, awareness, thinking, and behavior. It can make a person seem confused, unusually sleepy,...

Delayed Sleep Phase Disorder Overview and Diagnostic Context

Delayed sleep phase disorder shifts sleep and wake times later than daily life allows. Learn the key symptoms, causes, risk factors, diagnostic context, daily effects, and complications.

Delayed sleep phase disorder is a circadian rhythm sleep-wake condition in which a person’s natural sleep timing is shifted much later than the schedule...

Cyclothymic Disorder Signs and Symptoms: Causes, Risk Factors, and Diagnosis Context

Learn what cyclothymic disorder is, how symptoms appear over time, what can cause or increase risk, how diagnosis is considered, and what complications may occur.

Cyclothymic disorder is a long-term mood disorder marked by repeated shifts between hypomanic symptoms and depressive symptoms that do not meet the full criteria...

Cycloid Psychosis Overview: Acute Symptoms, Causes, and Lookalikes

Learn what cycloid psychosis means, how symptoms may appear, what conditions can resemble it, and why sudden fluctuating psychosis requires careful diagnostic evaluation.

Cycloid psychosis is a rare and diagnostically complex form of acute psychosis marked by sudden onset, rapidly changing symptoms, and prominent shifts in mood,...

Cotard Delusion Signs and Symptoms: Causes, Risks, and Complications

Learn what Cotard delusion is, how nihilistic beliefs can appear, which conditions may be associated with it, and why urgent evaluation may be needed when safety, eating, drinking, or reality testing are affected.

Cotard delusion is a rare but serious form of psychotic belief in which a person is convinced that they are dead, do not exist,...

Coprolalia Signs, Risk Factors, and Diagnostic Context

Learn what coprolalia means, how it differs from intentional swearing, why it is linked to tic disorders, and when sudden or distressing symptoms need professional evaluation.

Coprolalia is an involuntary tic-like vocal behavior in which a person says obscene, offensive, taboo, or socially inappropriate words or phrases. It is best...

Conversion Disorder and Functional Neurological Disorder: Symptoms and Signs

Learn what conversion disorder means, how symptoms and clinical signs can appear, what causes and risk factors may be involved, and when neurological symptoms need urgent evaluation.

Conversion disorder is a condition in which a person develops neurological symptoms, such as weakness, tremor, seizure-like episodes, numbness, vision changes, speech problems, or...