Evidence-Based Supplement & Herb Guides

Dyslexia in Children and Adults: Symptoms, Causes, and Risk Factors

Learn what dyslexia is, how symptoms can appear in children and adults, what causes and risk factors are involved, and when reading problems need professional evaluation.

Dyslexia is a neurodevelopmental learning condition that mainly affects accurate and fluent reading and spelling. It is not a sign of low intelligence, laziness,...

Dysgraphia: How It Affects Handwriting, Spelling, and Written Expression

Learn what dysgraphia is, how it affects handwriting and written expression, which signs may appear by age, and how causes, risk factors, complications, and diagnostic context are understood.

Dysgraphia is a writing-related learning difficulty that can make handwriting, spelling, written organization, or the physical act of putting words on a page much...

Drug-Induced Psychotic Disorder Explained: Symptoms, Causes, and Risks

Learn what drug-induced psychotic disorder means, which symptoms and substances are involved, how clinicians distinguish it from other causes, and what complications can follow.

Drug-induced psychotic disorder occurs when hallucinations, delusions, or other psychotic symptoms develop in close connection with a substance, medication, intoxication, withdrawal, or toxic exposure....

Double depression Overview, Symptoms, Signs, Causes, Risk Factors, and Complications

Learn what double depression means, how it differs from persistent depressive disorder and major depression, and which symptoms, risks, complications, and warning signs matter most.

Double depression describes a pattern in which a long-lasting depressive condition is interrupted or intensified by a full major depressive episode. For many people,...

Dissociative Identity Disorder Symptoms, Signs, Causes, and Risk Factors

A clear, condition-focused overview of dissociative identity disorder, including symptoms, signs, causes, risk factors, diagnostic context, complications, and urgent warning signs.

Dissociative identity disorder is a complex dissociative disorder in which a person’s sense of identity, memory, awareness, and behavior become divided or discontinuous in...

Dissociative Fugue and Dissociative Amnesia: Symptoms, Risks, and Complications

Dissociative fugue involves memory loss with unexpected travel or wandering. Learn how symptoms appear, what may cause fugue states, key risk factors, possible complications, and why careful diagnostic evaluation matters.

Dissociative fugue is a rare and serious form of dissociation in which a person has significant memory loss and unexpectedly travels, wanders, or ends...

Dissociative Disorder Not Otherwise Specified Overview and Diagnostic Context

Learn what Dissociative Disorder Not Otherwise Specified means today, how symptoms may appear, what can contribute to dissociation, and when evaluation is important.

Dissociative Disorder Not Otherwise Specified, often shortened to DDNOS, is an older diagnostic term for clinically significant dissociative symptoms that did not fit neatly...

Dissociative Amnesia Explained: Types, Warning Signs, and Risk Factors

Dissociative amnesia involves memory gaps that go beyond ordinary forgetfulness, often linked with trauma or severe stress. Learn the main symptoms, signs, causes, risk factors, diagnostic context, and complications.

Dissociative amnesia is a mental health condition in which a person cannot recall important autobiographical information, usually connected to trauma or severe stress, in...

Disruptive Mood Dysregulation Disorder in Children and Teens: Symptoms and Diagnosis

Learn how disruptive mood dysregulation disorder affects children and teens, including core symptoms, diagnostic patterns, causes, risk factors, related conditions, and possible complications.

Disruptive mood dysregulation disorder is a childhood and adolescent mental health condition marked by severe, frequent temper outbursts and a persistently irritable or angry...

Disorganized schizophrenia: Symptoms, Signs, Causes, and Diagnostic Context

Clear explanation of what disorganized schizophrenia means today, including symptoms, causes, risk factors, diagnostic context, complications, and urgent warning signs.

Disorganized schizophrenia is an older term for a pattern of schizophrenia marked by especially prominent disorganized thinking, speech, behavior, and emotional expression. In current...

Disinhibited Social Engagement Disorder Overview and Diagnostic Context

Clear, clinically grounded overview of disinhibited social engagement disorder, including core symptoms, early caregiving causes, risk factors, diagnostic context, similar conditions, and possible complications.

Disinhibited social engagement disorder is a childhood condition linked to serious early caregiving deprivation. It is most noticeable when a child shows unusually familiar,...

Disinhibited attachment disorder: Overview and Key Warning Signs

Learn what disinhibited attachment disorder means, how it relates to disinhibited social engagement disorder, and which symptoms, causes, risks, and complications matter most.

Disinhibited attachment disorder is an older or informal name often used for what current diagnostic systems usually call disinhibited social engagement disorder. It describes...

Diogenes Syndrome Symptoms, Risk Factors, and Health Effects

Diogenes syndrome involves severe self-neglect, unsafe living conditions, social withdrawal, poor insight, and possible hoarding. Learn the key signs, causes, risk factors, complications, and diagnostic context.

Diogenes syndrome is a pattern of severe self-neglect in which a person’s hygiene, living environment, health needs, and social functioning deteriorate to a dangerous...

Dhat syndrome and Semen-Loss Anxiety: Causes, Signs, and Effects

Dhat syndrome is a culturally shaped pattern of distress centered on feared semen loss or semen-like discharge. Learn about symptoms, signs, causes, risk factors, diagnostic context, and possible complications.

Dhat syndrome is a culturally shaped pattern of distress in which a person becomes deeply worried that semen, or a semen-like fluid, is being...

Developmental Coordination Disorder and Dyspraxia: Signs, Causes, and Complications

A clear guide to developmental coordination disorder, including common motor signs, age-related patterns, possible causes, risk factors, diagnostic context, and complications.

Developmental coordination disorder is a neurodevelopmental condition in which a child has persistent difficulty learning and carrying out coordinated motor skills. The problem is...

Desomorphine Use Disorder Signs, Withdrawal Symptoms, and Medical Risks

Learn how desomorphine use disorder fits within opioid use disorder, including symptoms, physical signs, causes, risk factors, diagnostic context, and serious complications.

Desomorphine is a powerful opioid best known in illicit form as “krokodil.” A desomorphine use disorder is a pattern of opioid use in which...

Dermatillomania (Excoriation Disorder): Symptoms, Signs, Causes, and Complications

Dermatillomania is a skin-picking disorder marked by repeated picking, skin damage, distress, and difficulty stopping. Learn the key symptoms, signs, causes, risk factors, diagnostic context, and complications.

Dermatillomania, clinically called excoriation disorder or skin-picking disorder, is more than occasionally squeezing a pimple, picking at a scab, or biting at dry skin....

Depressive psychosis Symptoms, Delusions, Hallucinations, and Risks

Learn what depressive psychosis means, how symptoms and signs may appear, what causes and risk factors are involved, and when urgent evaluation may be needed.

Depressive psychosis is a severe form of depression in which a person has symptoms of a major depressive episode along with psychotic symptoms such...

Depressive personality disorder: Symptoms, causes, risks, and effects

Depressive personality disorder is a historical and research-based term for a long-standing depressive personality style marked by pessimism, guilt, low self-worth, and self-criticism. Learn how it differs from depression, what signs matter, and why careful evaluation is important.

Depressive personality disorder is a term used for a long-standing pattern of gloomy mood, low self-worth, pessimism, self-criticism, guilt, and difficulty taking pleasure in...

Depressive episode risk factors, lookalikes, and functional effects

Clear overview of depressive episodes, including core symptoms, observable signs, causes, risk factors, diagnostic context, complications, and urgent warning signs.

A depressive episode is more than having a difficult day, feeling discouraged, or reacting to a stressful event. It is a period of persistent...