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Understand ALK fusion testing in lung cancer, including what a positive or negative result means, tissue and ctDNA methods, limitations, and treatment relevance.

ALK Fusion Test for Lung Cancer: Gene Fusion, Positive Result, and Molecular Meaning

Understand BRAF V600E testing in lung cancer, including what a positive or negative result means, tissue and ctDNA methods, limitations, and treatment relevance.

BRAF V600E Test for Lung Cancer: Mutation Status, Positive Result, and Molecular Meaning

Learn how the carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) test is used in lung cancer, what high levels can mean, common non-cancer causes, reference ranges, and why serial trends matter.

CEA Test for Lung Cancer: Tumor Marker Monitoring, High Levels, and Result Meaning

Learn how the cytokeratin 19 fragment 21-1 (CYFRA 21-1) test is used in lung cancer, what high levels can mean, common non-cancer causes, reference ranges, and why serial trends matter.

CYFRA 21-1 Test for Lung Cancer: Tumor Marker Levels and Disease Monitoring

Understand EGFR exon 20 insertion testing in lung cancer, including what a positive or negative result means, tissue and ctDNA methods, limitations, and treatment relevance.

EGFR Exon 20 Insertion Test: Lung Cancer Mutation Status and Molecular Meaning

Understand EGFR mutation testing in lung cancer, including what a positive or negative result means, tissue and ctDNA methods, limitations, and treatment relevance.

EGFR Mutation Test for Lung Cancer: Exon 19, L858R, T790M, Mutation Status, and...

Diagnostics

Home Diagnostics Page 24

Learn how tTG-IgA, EMA, DGP, and total IgA are used to screen for celiac disease, interpret positive or negative results, and guide biopsy or follow-up.

Celiac Disease Antibody Panel: tTG-IgA, EMA, DGP, Total IgA, and Diagnosis

Learn what a CH50 complement test measures, why levels may be low or absent, how CH50 and AH50 patterns are interpreted, and which follow-up tests may be needed.

CH50 Complement Test: Total Complement Activity, Low Levels, and Immune Function

Learn how an ENA 6 panel interprets SSA/Ro, SSB/La, Sm, RNP, Scl-70, and Jo-1 antibodies in lupus, Sjögren disease, scleroderma, MCTD, and myositis.

ENA 6 Panel Test: SSA/Ro, SSB/La, Sm, RNP, Scl-70, Jo-1, and...

Understand what an ENA 10 panel tests, how SSA, SSB, Sm, RNP, Scl-70, Jo-1, and other antibodies relate to lupus, Sjögren disease, scleroderma, and overlap syndromes.

ENA 10 Panel Test: Connective Tissue Disease Antibodies, Lupus, Sjogren, and...

Learn what an extractable nuclear antigen panel tests, how ENA antibodies relate to lupus, Sjögren disease, scleroderma, MCTD, and myositis, and what positive or negative results mean.

Extractable Nuclear Antigen (ENA) Panel: Autoimmune Antibodies, Connective Tissue Disease, and...

Learn how to interpret an IgA blood test, including age-specific normal ranges, causes of high or low IgA, selective IgA deficiency, and its effect on celiac disease testing.

IgA Blood Test: High, Low, Normal Range, Celiac Disease, and Immune...

Understand IgG, IgA, and IgM blood test results, including normal ranges, causes of high or low levels, immune deficiency patterns, and polyclonal versus monoclonal increases.

Immunoglobulin Blood Test: IgG, IgA, IgM, High and Low Levels, and...

Learn how a myositis autoantibody panel identifies muscle-disease phenotypes, lung-risk antibodies, necrotizing myopathy markers, cancer associations, and next diagnostic steps.

Myositis Autoantibody Panel: Muscle Inflammation Antibodies, Lung Disease Risk, and Diagnosis

Understand paraneoplastic autoantibody panels, including high-risk neural antibodies, neurologic syndromes, cancer associations, serum versus CSF testing, and follow-up after positive or negative results.

Paraneoplastic Autoantibody Panel: Cancer-Related Immune Antibodies, Neurologic Symptoms, and Meaning

Understand rheumatoid factor test results, including normal ranges, low and high positive RF, non-RA causes, seronegative rheumatoid arthritis, anti-CCP testing, and next diagnostic steps.

Rheumatoid Factor (RF) Test: Positive, Negative, High Levels, and Rheumatoid Arthritis...

Understand SARD panels, including ANA methods, titers and patterns, ENA reflex antibodies, lupus, Sjögren and scleroderma associations, false positives, negative results, and organ-based follow-up.

Systemic Autoimmune Rheumatic Disease (SARD) Panel: ANA, ENA, Autoantibodies, and Diagnosis

Understand TPOAb, TgAb, TRAb and TSI results, including Hashimoto and Graves patterns, normal thyroid function with positive antibodies, pregnancy risks, monitoring, and treatment meaning.

Thyroid Antibody Panel: TPOAb, TgAb, TRAb, Hashimoto, Graves, and Autoimmune Thyroid...

Learn what a tTG-IgA test screens for, how to interpret negative, borderline, and positive celiac results, and why total IgA, gluten intake, and biopsy matter.

Tissue Transglutaminase (tTG-IgA) Test: Celiac Disease Screening, Positive Result, and Meaning

Learn how the anticardiolipin IgA antibody test is interpreted, why IgA is not an APS criteria marker, and what a positive result may mean for clotting and pregnancy risk.

Anticardiolipin IgA Antibody Test: Antiphospholipid Antibodies and APS Risk

Learn how anticardiolipin IgG levels are interpreted, why persistent moderate or high results matter, and how the test relates to APS, clotting, and pregnancy loss.

Anticardiolipin IgG Antibody Test: Clotting Risk, Pregnancy Loss, and APS Meaning

Learn how anticardiolipin IgM results are interpreted, why low values may be temporary, and when persistent IgM may matter for APS, clotting, and pregnancy loss.

Anticardiolipin IgM Antibody Test: Clotting Risk, Pregnancy Loss, and APS Meaning

Learn what an anti-phosphatidylethanolamine antibody test measures, how a positive aPE result relates to pregnancy loss, and why it does not diagnose APS alone.

Anti-Phosphatidylethanolamine Antibody Test: Antiphospholipid Marker and Pregnancy Loss Risk

Understand what an anti-phosphatidylserine antibody test measures, how positive and borderline results are interpreted, and why the marker does not diagnose APS alone.

Anti-Phosphatidylserine Antibody Test: APS Marker, Positive Result, and Meaning

Learn why antiphospholipid antibodies are repeated after at least 12 weeks, which tests need confirmation, and how anticoagulants affect APS diagnosis.

Antiphospholipid Antibody Repeat Testing: 12-Week Confirmation and APS Diagnosis

Learn what an antiphospholipid IgA antibody panel measures, how positive results differ from standard APS markers, and what they may mean for clotting and pregnancy risk.

Antiphospholipid IgA Antibody Panel: Antiphospholipid Antibodies, APS Risk, and Meaning

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