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Understand the 1-mg low-dose dexamethasone suppression test, the common cortisol cutoff of 1.8 mcg/dL, causes of nonsuppression, and the follow-up used for Cushing screening.

Low-Dose Dexamethasone Suppression Test: Cushing Syndrome Screening and Results

Learn how an 8–9 a.m. cortisol test screens for adrenal insufficiency, what low and intermediate results mean, how ACTH helps identify the cause, and when stimulation testing is needed.

Morning Cortisol Test: Low Levels, Adrenal Insufficiency, and Results

Learn how a pheochromocytoma and paraganglioma panel uses plasma or urine metanephrines, normetanephrine, catecholamines, and controlled collection to interpret abnormal results.

Pheochromocytoma and Paraganglioma Test Panel: Metanephrines, Normetanephrine, Catecholamines, and Results

Learn what plasma epinephrine, norepinephrine, and dopamine results mean, why collection posture matters, common causes of high values, and when metanephrine testing is preferred.

Plasma Catecholamines Test: Epinephrine, Norepinephrine, Dopamine, and Results

Learn how plasma free metanephrine and normetanephrine testing screens for pheochromocytoma and paraganglioma, why supine rest matters, and how high or borderline results are evaluated.

Plasma Free Metanephrines Test: Pheochromocytoma and Paraganglioma Screening, High Levels, and Results

Learn what a high plasma normetanephrine result means, why supine rest matters, common false-positive causes, when clonidine testing is used, and how PPGL evaluation proceeds.

Plasma Normetanephrine Test: High Levels, Pheochromocytoma Screening, and Results

Diagnostics

Home Diagnostics Page 23

Low C-peptide usually means low natural insulin production. Learn what low C-peptide can reveal about diabetes type, beta-cell function, insulin need, glucose patterns, ketones, and follow-up testing.

Low C-Peptide Blood Test: Causes, Low Insulin Production, Diabetes Type, and...

Learn what a low insulin blood test can mean, including normal fasting patterns, type 1 diabetes, later-stage type 2 diabetes, C-peptide results, pancreas function, and when follow-up care matters.

Low Insulin Blood Test: Causes, Diabetes, Pancreas Function, and Meaning

Learn what a low random blood glucose test means, common causes of hypoglycemia, urgent symptoms, treatment steps, and when repeat testing or medical follow-up is needed.

Low Random Blood Glucose Test: Causes, Hypoglycemia, Symptoms, and Meaning

Learn what a metabolic syndrome blood test panel includes, how glucose, insulin, cholesterol, triglycerides, HDL, ApoB, hs-CRP, and related risk markers fit together, and what abnormal results may mean.

Metabolic Syndrome Blood Test Panel: Glucose, Insulin, Cholesterol, Triglycerides, and Risk...

Learn how OGTT and A1c differ, what prediabetes and diabetes ranges mean, why results can disagree, and when repeat or follow-up testing matters.

OGTT and A1c: Interpreting Prediabetes and Diabetes Testing

Learn what an oral glucose tolerance test measures, how to prepare, normal OGTT ranges, diabetes and prediabetes cutoffs, and gestational diabetes result thresholds.

Oral Glucose Tolerance Test (OGTT): Normal Range, Diabetes Diagnosis, Gestational Diabetes,...

Learn how postprandial glucose and A1c work together, what after-meal blood sugar ranges mean, why results can mismatch, and when high readings need follow-up.

Postprandial Glucose and A1c: Interpreting After-Meal Blood Sugar

Learn what a proinsulin blood test measures, what high proinsulin can mean, how it relates to insulin, C-peptide, diabetes risk, and low blood sugar evaluation.

Proinsulin Blood Test: High Proinsulin, Insulin Production, Diabetes Risk, and Results

Learn what a pyruvate blood test measures, how lactate-to-pyruvate ratio helps evaluate lactic acidosis, and what abnormal results can mean for mitochondrial and metabolic disorders.

Pyruvate Blood Test: Lactate-to-Pyruvate Ratio, Metabolic Disorders, and Results

Learn the random blood glucose test normal range, what high or low results can mean, when 200 mg/dL matters, and which follow-up tests may be needed.

Random Blood Glucose Test Normal Range: Reference Values and Meaning

Learn what a two-hour postprandial glucose test measures, what normal and high after-meal glucose results mean, and when follow-up testing for diabetes may be needed.

Two-Hour Postprandial Glucose Test: Normal Range, High After-Meal Glucose, Diabetes, and...

Understand how uric acid relates to insulin resistance, metabolic syndrome, gout risk, kidney clearance, glucose markers, triglycerides, HDL, and practical follow-up steps.

Uric Acid and Insulin Resistance: Interpreting Metabolic Risk Patterns

Understand the 5'-nucleotidase blood test, including normal range, high levels, cholestasis, bile duct disease, ALP comparison, symptoms, causes, and follow-up.

5′-Nucleotidase Test: High Levels, Normal Range, Cholestasis, Bile Duct Disease, and...

Understand the ALT normal range, healthy upper limits, causes of high or low ALT, and how ALT fits with AST, GGT, bilirubin, and other liver blood tests.

Alanine Aminotransferase (ALT) Normal Range: Reference Values and Meaning

Albumin and INR help assess liver synthetic function, but abnormal results need context. Learn common patterns, causes, follow-up steps, and when urgent care matters.

Albumin and INR: Interpreting Liver Synthetic Function

Learn the normal albumin blood test range, what low or high albumin may mean, and how albumin results fit with liver, kidney, protein, urine, and inflammation tests.

Albumin Blood Test Normal Range: Reference Values and Meaning

Albumin/Globulin (A/G) Ratio Normal Range: Reference Values and Meaning

Learn the ALP normal range, why alkaline phosphatase can be high or low, and how doctors use GGT, liver tests, bone markers, symptoms, and repeat testing to interpret results.

Alkaline Phosphatase (ALP) Normal Range: Reference Values and Meaning

Learn how ALP and GGT patterns help separate liver and bile duct causes from bone-related alkaline phosphatase elevation, with clear next-step guidance.

ALP and GGT: Interpreting Liver vs Bone Alkaline Phosphatase Patterns

Learn what the A1AT blood test measures, what low alpha-1 antitrypsin can mean, when deficiency testing is needed, and how results relate to liver disease and lung risk.

Alpha-1 Antitrypsin (A1AT) Blood Test: Low A1AT, Deficiency, Liver Disease, Lung...

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