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Understand the 1-mg low-dose dexamethasone suppression test, the common cortisol cutoff of 1.8 mcg/dL, causes of nonsuppression, and the follow-up used for Cushing screening.

Low-Dose Dexamethasone Suppression Test: Cushing Syndrome Screening and Results

Learn how an 8–9 a.m. cortisol test screens for adrenal insufficiency, what low and intermediate results mean, how ACTH helps identify the cause, and when stimulation testing is needed.

Morning Cortisol Test: Low Levels, Adrenal Insufficiency, and Results

Learn how a pheochromocytoma and paraganglioma panel uses plasma or urine metanephrines, normetanephrine, catecholamines, and controlled collection to interpret abnormal results.

Pheochromocytoma and Paraganglioma Test Panel: Metanephrines, Normetanephrine, Catecholamines, and Results

Learn what plasma epinephrine, norepinephrine, and dopamine results mean, why collection posture matters, common causes of high values, and when metanephrine testing is preferred.

Plasma Catecholamines Test: Epinephrine, Norepinephrine, Dopamine, and Results

Learn how plasma free metanephrine and normetanephrine testing screens for pheochromocytoma and paraganglioma, why supine rest matters, and how high or borderline results are evaluated.

Plasma Free Metanephrines Test: Pheochromocytoma and Paraganglioma Screening, High Levels, and Results

Learn what a high plasma normetanephrine result means, why supine rest matters, common false-positive causes, when clonidine testing is used, and how PPGL evaluation proceeds.

Plasma Normetanephrine Test: High Levels, Pheochromocytoma Screening, and Results

Diagnostics

Home Diagnostics Page 17

Learn how MSI and dMMR testing guides cancer immunotherapy and Lynch syndrome evaluation, including IHC patterns, PCR, NGS, reflex testing, and discordant results.

Microsatellite Instability (MSI) and Mismatch Repair Deficiency (dMMR) Test: Cancer Immunotherapy,...

Learn how minimal residual disease (MRD) tests detect tiny amounts of cancer, what positive and negative results mean, and how testing may guide recurrence risk and follow-up.

Minimal Residual Disease (MRD) Test: Cancer Recurrence Risk and Results

Learn what an MLH1 genetic test shows, how results relate to Lynch syndrome and colon cancer risk, and what positive, negative, and uncertain findings mean for care and family.

MLH1 Genetic Test: Lynch Syndrome, Colon Cancer Risk, and Results

Learn how the MPL mutation test helps evaluate high platelets and myeloproliferative neoplasms, including positive, negative, VAF, treatment, and follow-up results.

MPL Mutation Test: Myeloproliferative Neoplasm, Platelets, and Results

Learn what an MSH2 genetic test shows, how results relate to Lynch syndrome and colon cancer risk, and what positive, negative, and uncertain findings mean for care and family.

MSH2 Genetic Test: Lynch Syndrome, Colon Cancer Risk, and Results

Learn what an MSH6 genetic test shows, how results relate to Lynch syndrome and colon cancer risk, and what positive, negative, and uncertain findings mean for care and family.

MSH6 Genetic Test: Lynch Syndrome, Colon Cancer Risk, and Results

Learn how MUTYH genetic testing identifies polyposis risk, why two variants differ from one, and what positive, negative, carrier, and uncertain results mean.

MUTYH Genetic Test: Colon Polyposis, Cancer Risk, and Results

Understand MYC rearrangement test results in lymphoma and leukemia, including FISH, double-hit and triple-hit findings, double expression, prognosis, and treatment implications.

MYC Rearrangement Test: Lymphoma, Leukemia, and Results

Learn how MYD88 mutation testing supports Waldenström macroglobulinemia and lymphoma diagnosis, including L265P results, methods, treatment relevance, and limits.

MYD88 Mutation Test: Waldenstrom Macroglobulinemia, Lymphoma, and Results

Learn how NPM1 mutation testing classifies AML, affects prognosis, and supports sensitive MRD monitoring, including positive, negative, VAF, and treatment results.

NPM1 Mutation Test: AML Prognosis, Leukemia Genetics, and Results

Understand NRAS mutation test results in melanoma and colorectal cancer, including extended RAS coverage, anti-EGFR resistance, treatment relevance, and test limits.

NRAS Mutation Test: Melanoma, Colon Cancer, and Results

Learn how NTRK fusion testing finds tumor-agnostic targets, compares RNA NGS, DNA NGS, IHC, and FISH, and guides TRK inhibitor treatment and resistance testing.

NTRK Fusion Test: Cancer Targeted Therapy, Gene Fusion, and Results

Learn what PALB2 genetic testing shows, how pathogenic variants affect breast, pancreatic, and ovarian cancer risk, and how positive, negative, and VUS results guide care.

PALB2 Genetic Test: Breast Cancer Risk, Mutations, and Results

Learn how PDGFRA mutation testing guides GIST diagnosis and therapy, including D842V, exon 18 results, imatinib resistance, avapritinib, and follow-up.

PDGFRA Mutation Test: GIST, Targeted Therapy, and Results

Learn how PD-L1 testing guides cancer immunotherapy, including TPS, CPS, assay clones, positive and negative scores, cancer-specific cutoffs, and test limitations.

PD-L1 Test: Cancer Immunotherapy, Expression Score, and Results

Learn how PIK3CA mutation testing guides targeted therapy in HR-positive, HER2-negative advanced breast cancer, including tissue, plasma, alpelisib, and inavolisib results.

PIK3CA Mutation Test: Breast Cancer, Targeted Therapy, and Results

Learn how PML-RARA testing confirms acute promyelocytic leukemia, compares FISH with RT-PCR, guides ATRA and arsenic treatment, and monitors molecular remission.

PML-RARA Test: Acute Promyelocytic Leukemia, Fusion Gene, and Results

Learn what an PMS2 genetic test shows, how results relate to Lynch syndrome and colon cancer risk, and what positive, negative, and uncertain findings mean for care and family.

PMS2 Genetic Test: Lynch Syndrome, Colon Cancer Risk, and Results

Learn how PTEN genetic testing can confirm Cowden syndrome, clarify cancer risks, explain positive, negative, and VUS results, and guide screening for patients and families.

PTEN Genetic Test: Cowden Syndrome, Cancer Risk, and Results

Understand how RB1 genetic testing identifies heritable retinoblastoma, clarifies blood and tumor results, guides eye surveillance, and defines cancer and family risks.

RB1 Genetic Test: Retinoblastoma, Cancer Risk, and Results

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