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Understand the 1-mg low-dose dexamethasone suppression test, the common cortisol cutoff of 1.8 mcg/dL, causes of nonsuppression, and the follow-up used for Cushing screening.

Low-Dose Dexamethasone Suppression Test: Cushing Syndrome Screening and Results

Learn how an 8–9 a.m. cortisol test screens for adrenal insufficiency, what low and intermediate results mean, how ACTH helps identify the cause, and when stimulation testing is needed.

Morning Cortisol Test: Low Levels, Adrenal Insufficiency, and Results

Learn how a pheochromocytoma and paraganglioma panel uses plasma or urine metanephrines, normetanephrine, catecholamines, and controlled collection to interpret abnormal results.

Pheochromocytoma and Paraganglioma Test Panel: Metanephrines, Normetanephrine, Catecholamines, and Results

Learn what plasma epinephrine, norepinephrine, and dopamine results mean, why collection posture matters, common causes of high values, and when metanephrine testing is preferred.

Plasma Catecholamines Test: Epinephrine, Norepinephrine, Dopamine, and Results

Learn how plasma free metanephrine and normetanephrine testing screens for pheochromocytoma and paraganglioma, why supine rest matters, and how high or borderline results are evaluated.

Plasma Free Metanephrines Test: Pheochromocytoma and Paraganglioma Screening, High Levels, and Results

Learn what a high plasma normetanephrine result means, why supine rest matters, common false-positive causes, when clonidine testing is used, and how PPGL evaluation proceeds.

Plasma Normetanephrine Test: High Levels, Pheochromocytoma Screening, and Results

Diagnostics

Home Diagnostics Page 46

Learn what a low factor XI activity test means, including causes, hemophilia C, bleeding risk, aPTT results, follow-up testing, and planning before surgery, dental work, or childbirth.

Low Factor XI Activity Test: Causes, Bleeding Risk, Hemophilia C, and...

Low factor XII activity often causes prolonged aPTT without bleeding risk. Learn common causes, result patterns, follow-up tests, ranges, and surgery meaning.

Low Factor XII Activity Test: Causes, Prolonged aPTT, and Meaning

Learn what a low fibrinogen blood test means, including normal ranges, bleeding risk, urgent warning signs, common causes, related clotting tests, and treatment follow-up.

Low Fibrinogen Blood Test Causes, Bleeding Risk, and Meaning

Learn what a low INR blood test means, including low INR on warfarin, common causes, clotting risk, urgent warning signs, target ranges, and next steps.

Low International Normalized Ratio (INR) Blood Test Causes, Clotting Risk, and...

Learn what a low PTT blood test means, including common causes, clotting risk, false low results, follow-up tests, and when shortened PTT needs medical care.

Low Partial Thromboplastin Time (PTT) Test: Causes, Clotting Risk, and Meaning

Low prothrombin time means blood clots faster than the lab range. Learn low PT and low INR causes, clotting risk, warfarin meaning, follow-up tests, and when to seek care.

Low Prothrombin Time (PT) Test: Causes, Clotting Risk, and Meaning

Low Thrombin Time Test: Causes, Clotting Results, and Meaning

Low vWF antigen means less von Willebrand factor protein in the blood. Learn common causes, bleeding risks, test ranges, follow-up tests, and when low results need care.

Low von Willebrand Factor (vWF) Antigen Test: Causes, Bleeding Risk, and...

Learn how lupus anticoagulant, anticardiolipin antibodies, and anti-beta-2 glycoprotein I results are interpreted, including repeat testing, risk patterns, and common false positives.

Lupus Anticoagulant and Anticardiolipin Antibodies: Interpreting Antiphospholipid Panel

Learn what a positive or negative lupus anticoagulant test means, how it relates to clotting risk, antiphospholipid syndrome, pregnancy loss, testing accuracy, and follow-up.

Lupus Anticoagulant Test: Positive, Negative, Clotting Risk, Pregnancy Loss, and Meaning

Learn how a mixing study helps interpret prolonged PT or aPTT, including correction patterns, inhibitors, factor deficiencies, lupus anticoagulant, and next tests.

Mixing Study Test: Prolonged PT or aPTT, Inhibitors, Factor Deficiency, and...

Learn the typical PTT normal range, what high or low partial thromboplastin time means, and how PTT is interpreted with PT, INR, heparin, and clotting tests.

Partial Thromboplastin Time (PTT) Normal Range: Reference Values and Meaning

Learn what a platelet aggregation test measures, why abnormal platelet function happens, how aspirin affects results, and what follow-up testing may be needed.

Platelet Aggregation Test: Abnormal Platelet Function, Bleeding Disorders, Aspirin Effect, and...

Learn how platelet count and platelet function affect bleeding risk, including low platelet ranges, platelet dysfunction, testing options, procedure thresholds, and urgent warning signs.

Platelet Count and Platelet Function: Interpreting Bleeding Risk

Learn what the PFA-100 platelet function analyzer test measures, how closure time works, what prolonged results mean, and when follow-up testing is needed.

Platelet Function Analyzer (PFA-100) Test: Closure Time, Platelet Function, Bleeding Risk,...

Learn what a platelet function test measures, what abnormal results mean, how bleeding risk is judged, and which platelet disorders, medicines, and conditions affect results.

Platelet Function Test: Abnormal Results, Bleeding Risk, Platelet Disorders, and Meaning

Learn what a protein C activity test measures, what low protein C means, normal ranges, clot risk, inherited deficiency, causes of abnormal results, and follow-up testing.

Protein C Activity Test: Low Protein C, Blood Clot Risk, Deficiency,...

Learn how protein C, protein S, and antithrombin tests are interpreted, why low results can be misleading, and when thrombophilia testing is useful.

Protein C, Protein S, and Antithrombin: Interpreting Thrombophilia Testing

Learn what a protein S activity test measures, what low protein S means, how results are interpreted, and when deficiency raises blood clot risk.

Protein S Activity Test: Low Protein S, Blood Clot Risk, Deficiency,...

Learn the normal prothrombin time (PT) range, INR reference values, causes of high or low PT, warfarin targets, test preparation, and follow-up steps.

Prothrombin Time (PT) Normal Range: Reference Values and Meaning

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