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Understand the 1-mg low-dose dexamethasone suppression test, the common cortisol cutoff of 1.8 mcg/dL, causes of nonsuppression, and the follow-up used for Cushing screening.

Low-Dose Dexamethasone Suppression Test: Cushing Syndrome Screening and Results

Learn how an 8–9 a.m. cortisol test screens for adrenal insufficiency, what low and intermediate results mean, how ACTH helps identify the cause, and when stimulation testing is needed.

Morning Cortisol Test: Low Levels, Adrenal Insufficiency, and Results

Learn how a pheochromocytoma and paraganglioma panel uses plasma or urine metanephrines, normetanephrine, catecholamines, and controlled collection to interpret abnormal results.

Pheochromocytoma and Paraganglioma Test Panel: Metanephrines, Normetanephrine, Catecholamines, and Results

Learn what plasma epinephrine, norepinephrine, and dopamine results mean, why collection posture matters, common causes of high values, and when metanephrine testing is preferred.

Plasma Catecholamines Test: Epinephrine, Norepinephrine, Dopamine, and Results

Learn how plasma free metanephrine and normetanephrine testing screens for pheochromocytoma and paraganglioma, why supine rest matters, and how high or borderline results are evaluated.

Plasma Free Metanephrines Test: Pheochromocytoma and Paraganglioma Screening, High Levels, and Results

Learn what a high plasma normetanephrine result means, why supine rest matters, common false-positive causes, when clonidine testing is used, and how PPGL evaluation proceeds.

Plasma Normetanephrine Test: High Levels, Pheochromocytoma Screening, and Results

Diagnostics

Home Diagnostics Page 29

Understand remnant cholesterol and triglycerides, how to calculate results, what high levels mean, and how they reveal residual heart risk beyond LDL cholesterol.

Remnant Cholesterol and Triglycerides: Interpreting Residual Heart Risk

Learn what a remnant cholesterol test measures, how to calculate it, what high remnant cholesterol means, common causes, normal ranges, and how it relates to triglyceride-rich particles and cardiovascular risk.

Remnant Cholesterol Test: High Remnant Cholesterol, Normal Range, Triglyceride-Rich Particles, and...

Learn what the RLP-C blood test measures, what high remnant-like particle cholesterol means, common causes, normal range guidance, heart risk, and follow-up steps.

Remnant-Like Particle Cholesterol (RLP-C) Test: High RLP-C, Normal Range, Remnant Particles,...

Understand the small dense LDL test, including high sdLDL, normal range, Pattern B, LDL particle size, cardiovascular risk, causes, preparation, and ways to improve results.

Small Dense LDL (sdLDL) Test: High sdLDL, Normal Range, Pattern B,...

Understand small dense LDL, Pattern B, triglycerides, insulin resistance, ApoB, and cardiovascular risk with practical guidance on test interpretation and follow-up.

Small Dense LDL and Triglycerides: Pattern B, Insulin Resistance, and Risk

Learn what the total cholesterol and HDL ratio means, how to calculate it, what high and low ratios suggest, and why LDL, non-HDL cholesterol, triglycerides, ApoB, and overall heart risk still matter.

Total Cholesterol and HDL Ratio: Interpreting Cholesterol Risk Without Overdoing It

Learn the normal, borderline, high, and optimal total cholesterol ranges, how to interpret your result, why LDL and non-HDL targets matter, and what to do next.

Total Cholesterol Test Normal and Optimal Range: Reference Values and Targets

Learn what the total cholesterol/HDL ratio means, how to calculate it, what normal and high results suggest, and how it fits with LDL, HDL, non-HDL cholesterol, and heart risk.

Total Cholesterol/HDL Ratio Test: Normal Range, High Ratio, Cholesterol Risk, and...

Learn what the triglyceride/HDL ratio means, how to calculate it, what high results suggest about insulin resistance, diabetes risk, heart risk, and follow-up testing.

Triglyceride/HDL Ratio Test: Insulin Resistance, Diabetes Risk, Heart Risk, and Results

High triglycerides with low HDL can signal insulin resistance, metabolic syndrome, fatty liver, and higher cardiovascular risk. Learn how to interpret triglycerides, HDL, and the TG/HDL ratio.

Triglycerides and HDL: Interpreting the Metabolic Risk Pattern

Learn the normal and optimal triglyceride blood test ranges, what high or low results mean, when fasting matters, and which targets help guide heart, metabolic, and pancreatitis risk.

Triglycerides Blood Test Normal and Optimal Range: Reference Values and Targets

Learn the normal VLDL cholesterol range, how VLDL is calculated from triglycerides, what high or low results mean, and when follow-up testing matters.

VLDL Cholesterol Test Normal Range: Reference Values and Meaning

Learn the aldosterone blood test normal range, why upright and supine values differ, and what high or low aldosterone may mean with renin, potassium, sodium, blood pressure, and kidney function.

Aldosterone Blood Test Normal Range: Reference Values and Meaning

Learn the normal anion gap blood test range, how it is calculated, what high and low results mean, and when abnormal values may need urgent follow-up.

Anion Gap Blood Test Normal Range: Reference Values and Meaning

Learn what a beta-2 microglobulin blood test means, including high B2M causes, kidney function links, urine B2M, blood cancer monitoring, normal ranges, and follow-up steps.

Beta-2 Microglobulin Blood Test: High Levels, Kidney Function, Blood Cancer Marker,...

Learn how bicarbonate and anion gap blood tests help interpret metabolic acidosis, high anion gap patterns, kidney disease, ketoacidosis, and urgent acid-base results.

Bicarbonate and Anion Gap: Interpreting Acid-Base Blood Tests

Learn the normal bicarbonate blood test range, what low or high CO2/HCO3 results mean, and how kidneys, lungs, electrolytes, and the anion gap affect interpretation.

Bicarbonate Blood Test Normal Range: Reference Values and Meaning

Learn the normal BUN test range, what high and low blood urea nitrogen results can mean, and how BUN compares with creatinine, eGFR, hydration, diet, and kidney function.

Blood Urea Nitrogen (BUN) Test Normal Range: Reference Values and Meaning

Learn how to interpret BUN, creatinine, eGFR, and the BUN/creatinine ratio without overreacting, including dehydration patterns, kidney disease clues, repeat testing, and when follow-up matters.

BUN and Creatinine: Interpreting the Kidney Panel Without Overdoing It

Understand the BUN/creatinine ratio, including high ratio dehydration patterns, kidney disease patterns, normal ranges, causes, follow-up testing, and when abnormal results need urgent care.

BUN/Creatinine Ratio: Dehydration vs Kidney Disease Pattern

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