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Understand the 1-mg low-dose dexamethasone suppression test, the common cortisol cutoff of 1.8 mcg/dL, causes of nonsuppression, and the follow-up used for Cushing screening.

Low-Dose Dexamethasone Suppression Test: Cushing Syndrome Screening and Results

Learn how an 8–9 a.m. cortisol test screens for adrenal insufficiency, what low and intermediate results mean, how ACTH helps identify the cause, and when stimulation testing is needed.

Morning Cortisol Test: Low Levels, Adrenal Insufficiency, and Results

Learn how a pheochromocytoma and paraganglioma panel uses plasma or urine metanephrines, normetanephrine, catecholamines, and controlled collection to interpret abnormal results.

Pheochromocytoma and Paraganglioma Test Panel: Metanephrines, Normetanephrine, Catecholamines, and Results

Learn what plasma epinephrine, norepinephrine, and dopamine results mean, why collection posture matters, common causes of high values, and when metanephrine testing is preferred.

Plasma Catecholamines Test: Epinephrine, Norepinephrine, Dopamine, and Results

Learn how plasma free metanephrine and normetanephrine testing screens for pheochromocytoma and paraganglioma, why supine rest matters, and how high or borderline results are evaluated.

Plasma Free Metanephrines Test: Pheochromocytoma and Paraganglioma Screening, High Levels, and Results

Learn what a high plasma normetanephrine result means, why supine rest matters, common false-positive causes, when clonidine testing is used, and how PPGL evaluation proceeds.

Plasma Normetanephrine Test: High Levels, Pheochromocytoma Screening, and Results

Diagnostics

Home Diagnostics Page 11

Understand HLA-A*31:01 testing for carbamazepine hypersensitivity, including positive and negative results, HLA-B*15:02 differences, drug decisions, and urgent symptoms.

HLA-A*31:01 Test: Carbamazepine Hypersensitivity Risk and Results

Understand HLA-B genetic testing for tissue type, transplant matching, drug reaction alleles, HLA-B27 and HLA-B51 disease risk, result notation, and limitations.

HLA-B Genetic Test: Tissue Type, Drug Reaction Risk, and Results

Understand HLA-B27 testing for ankylosing spondylitis and axial spondyloarthritis, including positive and negative results, symptoms, imaging, related conditions, and next steps.

HLA-B27 Test: Ankylosing Spondylitis Risk, Positive Result, and Meaning

Understand HLA-B51 testing for Behçet disease risk, including positive and negative results, HLA-B5 differences, clinical diagnosis, symptoms, limitations, and next steps.

HLA-B51 Test: Behcet Disease Risk and Results

Understand HLA-B*15:02 testing before carbamazepine, including who needs it, positive and negative results, SJS/TEN risk, medication choices, and urgent rash signs.

HLA-B*15:02 Test: Carbamazepine Skin Reaction Risk and Results

Learn how HLA-B*57:01 testing prevents abacavir hypersensitivity, what positive and negative results mean, when to test, symptoms to recognize, and how results guide HIV treatment.

HLA-B*57:01 Test: Abacavir Hypersensitivity Risk and Results

Learn how HLA-B*58:01 testing estimates allopurinol severe skin-reaction risk, who may need testing, what results mean, safer dosing, alternatives, and urgent warning signs.

HLA-B*58:01 Test: Allopurinol Severe Skin Reaction Risk and Results

Understand HLA-C genetic testing for tissue type, stem cell matching, donor-specific antibodies, KIR ligands, allele results, mismatches, limitations, and transplant follow-up.

HLA-C Genetic Test: Tissue Type, Immune Matching, and Results

Understand HLA-DP genetic testing, including DPA1 and DPB1 alleles, permissive mismatches, stem cell donor selection, donor-specific antibodies, results, and limitations.

HLA-DP Genetic Test: Immune Matching and Results

Understand HLA-DQ genetic testing for celiac susceptibility, DQA1 and DQB1 results, DQ2 and DQ8 meaning, autoimmune associations, transplantation, and next steps.

HLA-DQ Genetic Test: Celiac Disease, Autoimmune Risk, and Results

Understand what HLA-DQ2 and HLA-DQ8 celiac genetic test results mean, when testing helps, how positive and negative findings differ, and what to do next.

HLA-DQ2 and HLA-DQ8 Test: Celiac Disease Risk and Results

Learn how HLA-DQB1 test results relate to type 1 diabetes, celiac disease, DQ2/DQ8 haplotypes, narcolepsy risk, testing methods, and follow-up.

HLA-DQB1 Test: Type 1 Diabetes, Celiac Disease, and Results

Understand HLA-DR genetic test results for transplant matching, donor selection, autoimmune susceptibility, HLA antibodies, crossmatch findings, and follow-up.

HLA-DR Genetic Test: Transplant Matching, Autoimmune Risk, and Results

Learn what an HLA-DRB1 shared epitope test means for rheumatoid arthritis susceptibility, positive and negative results, smoking interaction, diagnosis, and follow-up.

HLA-DRB1 Test: Rheumatoid Arthritis Risk, Shared Epitope, and Results

Understand KIR genetic test results, activating and inhibitory receptors, HLA-C ligands, AA and B/x genotypes, transplant uses, limitations, and next steps.

Killer Cell Immunoglobulin-Like Receptor (KIR) Test: Immune Genetics and Results

Understand PRA and calculated PRA transplant results, sensitization percentages, donor-specific antibodies, crossmatch testing, waiting-list impact, and next steps.

Panel Reactive Antibody (PRA) Test: Transplant Sensitization and Results

Understand periodic fever syndrome genetic panel results, including MEFV, MVK, TNFRSF1A, NLRP3, positive findings, VUS results, negative tests, and follow-up.

Periodic Fever Syndrome Genetic Panel: Autoinflammatory Genes and Results

Understand primary immunodeficiency genetic panel results, including immune disorder genes, pathogenic variants, VUS findings, negative tests, treatment impact, and family testing.

Primary Immunodeficiency Genetic Panel: Immune Disorder Genes and Results

Learn how SCID genetic testing identifies immune deficiency genes, explains positive, negative, carrier, and VUS results, and guides urgent treatment and family testing.

Severe Combined Immunodeficiency (SCID) Genetic Test: Immune Deficiency Genes and Results

Learn how autosomal dominant genetic tests work, what a 50% inheritance risk means, and how to interpret positive, negative, de novo, and VUS results.

Autosomal Dominant Genetic Test: Inheritance Risk and Results

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