Urine Tests and Kidney Markers

Urine Tests and Kidney Markers provides in-depth guides to the laboratory tests used to evaluate kidney function, urinary health, hydration, infection, protein loss, electrolyte balance, and kidney stone risk. Explore key blood markers such as creatinine, eGFR, BUN, cystatin C, electrolytes, and renal function panels, alongside urinalysis and dipstick findings including protein, blood, glucose, ketones, nitrites, leukocytes, pH, and specific gravity. This category also covers urine albumin and protein tests, uACR and UPCR, microscopic findings such as cells, casts, crystals, bacteria, and sediment, plus urine electrolytes, osmolality, and acid-base markers. You’ll also find detailed resources on kidney stone testing, UTI and urine culture tests, antibiotic sensitivity, and 24-hour or timed urine collections. Whether you are reviewing an abnormal result or learning how a test is used, these guides explain what common kidney and urine markers may mean and how they fit into broader clinical evaluation.